Werner Heisenberg publishes his Uncertainty Principle, declaring that it is impossible to define precisely the position and momentum of a sub-atomic particle

Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill write Mahagonny Songspiel for the Baden-Baden music festival

Hermann Hesse publishes a mystical novel, Steppenwolf, based on the concept of a double personality

In Being and Time German philosopher Martin Heidegger makes an existentialist case with Dasein ('Being There') as the central theme

Stuttgart's Weissenhofsiedlung, designed by Mies van der Rohe, le Corbusier, Gropius and others, sets a defining standard for International Modernism

Marcel Breuer, working at the Bauhaus, designs the classic version of his tubular-steel cantilever chair their homesr

The Threepenny Opera, by Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill, opens to great acclaim in Berlin

The SS, which has evolved from Hitler's personal bodyguard, is put under the command of Heinrich Himmler

Erich Maria Remarque publishes All Quiet on the Western Front, a novel based on his wartime experiences in the German army

Mies van der Rohe designs his famous Barcelona Chair for the German pavilion at the Barcelona World Fair

Joseph von Sternberg directs Marlene Dietrich in the film The Blue Angel, shot in both German and English, making her an immediate international star

The opera Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny, by Kurt Weill and Bertolt Brecht, opens in Leipzig

Adolf Hitler puts Joseph Goebbels at the head of the Nazi party's propaganda campaign

The Allies withdraw their occupying forces from Germany's Rhineland, five years ahead of schedule

The Nazis become the second largest party in the Reichstag, winning 107 seats

Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels makes Der Führer a compulsory term for Hitler in the Nazi party

Adolf Hitler finally exchanges Austrian for German nationality, just in time to run for the German presidency

Adolf Hitler stands for election as president of the German republic and wins 36% of the vote

Winning 230 seats in the election, the Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag (albeit not with a majority)

Unemployment in Germany rises during the world-wide depression to the unprecedented level of 6 million

President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler chancellor of the German republic

German chancellor Adolf Hitler orders the sterilization of carriers of hereditary mental diseases, in one of his government's first pieces of legislation

The electoral campaign for a new Reichstag, demanded by Hitler, is conducted with escalating Nazi violence

The burning of the Reichstag during the German election enables Adolf Hitler to introduce emergency measures restricting liberty

Heinrich Himmler sets up the first Nazi concentration camp, at Dachau near Munich