Adolf Hitler puts a bill before the first meeting of the newly elected Reichstag, giving himself unrestricted powers

Gustav Krupp and his son Alfried, Germany’s main manufacturers of armaments, join the Nazi party

Adolf Hitler passes a law forcing the 'retirement' of all Jews working in the civil service, schools and universities

The new Nazi government closes down Germany's distinguished school of modern art and architecture, the Bauhaus

The Nazi government dismisses Konrad Adenauer from all his appointments, included that of Lord Mayor of Cologne

Arabella, by Richard Strauss and Hugo von Hofmannsthal, is first performed four years after von Hofmannsthal's death left it incomplete

Germany becomes a one-party state, with only the Nazis allowed to engage in political activity

Thomas Mann leaves Germany and moves to Switzerland, where he engages in a steady polemic against the Nazis

Adolf Hitler, the new German chancellor, pulls Germany out of the League of Nations and its disarmament conference

Adolf Hitler wins massive referendum support for his withdrawal of Germany from the Disarmament Conference and the League of Nations

Fritz Lang's film The Testament of Dr Mabuse is banned in Germany because of implicit criticism of Nazi thugs

Arnold Schoenberg leaves his teaching post in Germany, now under Nazi control, and in 1934 settles in Los Angeles

Nazi architect Albert Speer designs a spectacular new setting for the party's annual Nuremberg rally

German photographer Leni Riefenstahl glorifies Hitler and the Nuremberg rally in her film Triumph of the Will

Erich Korngold, one of Austria's most admired composers, moves to Hollywood

Adolf Hitler visits his SA commander, Ernst Roehm, in his hotel before having him shot

Multiple murders are carried out on Hitler's orders during the Night of the Long Knives

In addition to the SS, Heinrich Himmler is given command of the state secret police, or Gestapo

Paul von Hindenburg dies, enabling Adolf Hitler to combine the roles of president, chancellor and supreme commander of the German armed forces

USSR joins the League of Nations, after Germany leaves the organization

In a referendum 38 million German voters say yes to Adolf Hitler becoming Führer, Germany's supreme leader

Hitler tells the party faithful in a Nuremberg rally that their new third Reich will last for 1000 years

Paul Hindemith's opera Mathis der Maler is banned by the Nazis and is not performed until 1938 in Zurich

Openly hostile to the Nazis, the architect Walter Gropius moves to England and three years later makes the USA his home

Adolf Hitler informs Britain and France that he is building up the German armed forces, in contravention of the Versailles treaty