Adolf Hitler is awarded the Iron Cross, First Class, a decoration rarely given to a corporal

The Allies, with Serb troops in the vanguard, press north from Salonika into Serbia

The Bulgarians, driven from Serbia, sign an armistice with the Allies

The Kaiser appoints a new chancellor, Prince Max von Baden, to negotiate an end to the war

The new German chancellor, Prince Max of Baden, sends a message to President Wilson requesting an immediate armistice

The British, under Douglas Haig, break through Germany's heavily defended Hindenburg Line

An armistice is signed between Turkey and the Allies on the warship Agamemnon in the Greek port of Mudros

A mutiny in Germany's fleet in Kiel sparks uprisings in several German cities

Austria-Hungary signs a separate armistice with the Allied powers, in a villa near Padua, without waiting for the Germans

The Allied commander-in chief, Marshal Foch, meets a German delegation in a railway carriage in the forest of Compiègne to discuss an armistice

Friedrich Ebert, leader of the Social Democrats, becomes the first chancellor of the newly proclaimed German republic

The Spartacus League proclaims a rival German republic on soviet lines

Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates and goes into exile in the Netherlands

The Allies and the Germans finally agree the terms of an armistice at 5 a.m.

The deposition of the emperor Charles I by the Austrian government brings to a formal end the empire of Austria-Hungary and more than six centuries of Habsburg rule

With the end of the Habsburg empire, German-speaking Austrians declare their own much smaller territory to be an independent republic

The new nation of Czechoslovakia is established from within Austria-Hungary, with Tomas Masaryk as its first president

Prime minister Mihaly Karolyi proclaims the republic of Hungary, after the demise of Austria-Hungary

Serbia, Slovenia, Croatia and Montenegro merge as the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, with the Serbian Peter I as king

The Sinn Fein members elected to Westminster establish their own parliament in Dublin, the Dáil Eireann (Assembly of Ireland), soon declared illegal by Britain

Composer and pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes prime minister of the newly independent Poland

The armed supporters of Sinn Fein become the IRA, or Irish Republican Army, in Ireland's war of independence

Michael Collins springs de Valera from Lincoln gaol, with the help of a duplicate key

Returning from active service with the Royal Navy, Erskine Childers devotes his energies to Sinn Fein and Irish independence

Mussolini founds the Fasci di Combattimento, dedicated to opposing the Socialist party