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Mamelukes | Historyworld

HISTORY OF THE MAMELUKES

including headings Baghdad, Mamelukes and Mongols, Baybars and his successors, Mamelukes and Ottomans, ...

The Ottoman centuries | HISTORY OF SYRIA AND PALESTINE

Ottoman rule over the region of Palestine and Syria lasts for four centuries from the arrival of the sultan and his army in 1516. The region is ruled for most of that period by a provincial administration in Damascus. Fr...

Massacres and Mamelukes | HISTORY OF EGYPT

Massacres and Mamelukes

On three separate occasions there are cold-blooded attempts by the authorities in Egypt to solve the problem of the Mamelukes. In 1802 a Turkish admiral is instructed to invite Mameluke leaders to a social gathering at A...

Massacres and Mamelukes | HISTORY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Massacres and Mamelukes

On three separate occasions there are cold-blooded attempts by the authorities in Egypt to solve the problem of the Mamelukes. In 1802 a Turkish admiral is instructed to invite Mameluke leaders to a social gathering at A...

After defeat by the Mamelukes at | HISTORY OF IRAN (PERSIA)

The Il-khans of Persia

After defeat by the Mamelukes at Ayn Jalut, Hulagu and his descendants make their capital at Tabriz, on the trade route from the east to the Black Sea. They rule as Il-khans ('subordinate khans'), accepting the great kha...

After defeat by the Mamelukes at | HISTORY OF THE MONGOLS

The Il-khans of Persia

After defeat by the Mamelukes at Ayn Jalut, Hulagu and his descendants make their capital at Tabriz, on the trade route from the east to the Black Sea. They rule as Il-khans ('subordinate khans'), accepting the great kha...

The first European packs, hand-painted and | HISTORY OF SPORTS AND GAMES

Dominoes and playing cards

The first European packs, hand-painted and used only in privileged circles, follow the system used by the Mamelukes at the time in Egypt - four suits of thirteen cards (in Mameluke hands the suits were polo sticks, coins...

In the centuries following the rise | HISTORY OF ARABIA

Rulers of Arabia

In the centuries following the rise of Islam the Arabian peninsula, though subject to violent local disturbances, is broadly under the control of the successive overlords of the surrounding Muslim world - the Umayyad dyn...

The seventh crusade (1248-1254) is led | THE CRUSADES

The last crusades

The seventh crusade (1248-1254) is led by the saintly Louis IX of France. Like his predecessors of the fifth crusade, he captures Damietta (in 1249) and is offered Jerusalem in exchange. Again like his predecessors, he t...

The weakness of the caliphs tempts | HISTORY OF THE CALIPHS

A nominal caliphate

The weakness of the caliphs tempts them into a measure which makes the problem worse. They acquire slaves from the nomadic Turks of central Asia and use them in their armies. The slaves, who become known as Mamelukes (fr...

The weakness of the caliphs tempts | HISTORY OF EGYPT

A nominal caliphate

The weakness of the caliphs tempts them into a measure which makes the problem worse. They acquire slaves from the nomadic Turks of central Asia and use them in their armies. The slaves, who become known as Mamelukes (fr...

The weakness of the caliphs tempts | HISTORY OF MESOPOTAMIA

A nominal caliphate

The weakness of the caliphs tempts them into a measure which makes the problem worse. They acquire slaves from the nomadic Turks of central Asia and use them in their armies. The slaves, who become known as Mamelukes (fr...

The weakness of the caliphs tempts | HISTORY OF IRAN (PERSIA)

A nominal caliphate

The weakness of the caliphs tempts them into a measure which makes the problem worse. They acquire slaves from the nomadic Turks of central Asia and use them in their armies. The slaves, who become known as Mamelukes (fr...

During the reign of Bayazid II, | HISTORY OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Ottoman expansion

During the reign of Bayazid II, son of Mehmed II, the Turkish thrust is mainly to the west. Hercegovina is occupied in 1483 (joining Bosnia, taken by Mehmed twenty years earlier). The Venetians are driven out of Albania...

During the reign of Bayazid II, | HISTORY OF THE BALKANS

Ottoman expansion

During the reign of Bayazid II, son of Mehmed II, the Turkish thrust is mainly to the west. Hercegovina is occupied in 1483 (joining Bosnia, taken by Mehmed twenty years earlier). The Venetians are driven out of Albania...

Meanwhile the Muslim habit of using | HISTORY OF SLAVERY

Slaves in the Middle Ages

Meanwhile the Muslim habit of using slaves in the army has led to one unusual result - in itself an indication of the trust accorded to slaves in Middle Eastern communities.

In 1250 the slave leaders of the Egyp...

Although only established in the 20th | IRAQ

Earliest times

Although only established in the 20th century as a region within its present specific borders, Iraq has a history of more than five millennia. As Mesopotamia it became one of the world's first two civilizations, the othe...

It is a profoundly demoralized invading | HISTORY OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

The Egyptian campaign

It is a profoundly demoralized invading force which finally confronts the Mameluke army at Giza on July 21. But the French are arranged by Napoleon on the open terrain in solid six-deep divisional squares, and their fire...

It is a profoundly demoralized invading | THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS

The Egyptian campaign

It is a profoundly demoralized invading force which finally confronts the Mameluke army at Giza on July 21. But the French are arranged by Napoleon on the open terrain in solid six-deep divisional squares, and their fire...

In 1259 Hulagu and the Mongols | HISTORY OF IRAN (PERSIA)

In Persia and Mesopotamia

In 1259 Hulagu and the Mongols take Aleppo and Damascus. The coastal plain and the route south to Egypt seem open to them. But in 1260 at Ayn Jalut, near Nazareth, they meet the army of the Mameluke sultan of Egypt. It i...

In 1259 Hulagu and the Mongols | HISTORY OF THE MONGOLS

In Persia and Mesopotamia

In 1259 Hulagu and the Mongols take Aleppo and Damascus. The coastal plain and the route south to Egypt seem open to them. But in 1260 at Ayn Jalut, near Nazareth, they meet the army of the Mameluke sultan of Egypt. It i...