including headings Socialist dreams, New Lanark and elsewhere, Historical materialism, The Communist Manifesto, The International, ...
including headings Better than shouting, Post haste, Persian couriers, Roman roads, Pigeon post, ...
In these tense post-war years there is as much fear of Communism at home as in foreign affairs. It is not new. The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) has been created in Washington in 1938 as a committee to se...
The period from the 11th to the 13th century sees a steady rise in prosperity in the cities of Europe. One of the first regions to prosper is northern Italy - on the trade route between the eastern Mediterranean and nort...
In many parts of Europe the Italian example of urban communes is followed, though about a century later. There are a variety of reasons why these communes come into being. One is the need for medieval rulers to...
Darius extends the network of roads across the Persian empire, to enable both troops and information to move with startling speed. At the centre of the system is the royal road from Susa to Sardis, a distance of some 200...
In the first half-century of European printing the book rapidly displaces the the manuscript of earlier generations, providing equal elegance at less cost. Printed books of the 15th century are known as incunabula (Latin...
The Five Year Plan is in a sense a return to the War Communism of the civil war years, and once again the supposedly rich peasants, the kulaks, bear the brunt of the policy. Not only is their land seized by the state to...
In the context of the Cold War, this is enough to convince President Reagan that Communism is sneaking into the American continent through the servants' entrance. Seeing Nicaragua as a crucial test case, akin to Cuba two...
Pinochet and his junta bring in a regime of terror, arguing that a 'national security state' is necessary to combat the threat of communism. Abduction and torture become the everyday tools of government. Within the first...
The Narodniki derive their name from the Russian narod (people) and are therefore usually translated as Populists. Partly inspired by the broader European movement of communism, they adapt Marx's theories to what...
The electoral success in 1906 of the British Labour party is a significant step in the 20th-century split between Socialism (in the western sense) and Communism. Once it is evident that political progress can be made by...
For much of the 20th century ideology has been the driving force in the export of two very different concepts of civilization, American capitalism and Russian Communism. At the same time mass communication has made it po...
The end of the Cold War, in 1989, has a profound effect in Africa. The western nations, no longer needing to support client dictators in the fight against communism, divert their attention to another shibboleth of the fr...
South Africa's involvement increases over the years because of the situation in neighbouring Namibia, where the insurgent group SWAPO receives support from Angola's MPLA. From South Africa's point of view, maintaining co...
