On the day of Edward's burial, Harold is crowned king - almost certainly in the same abbey church at Westminster

Harold, hurrying south to confront the Normans after his victory at Stamford Bridge, is defeated and killed at Hastings

William the Conqueror (William I) is crowned on Christmas Day at Westminster - giving the new abbey church two coronations and a royal funeral in its first year

The campaigns of Alp Arslan, culminating in 1071, give the Seljuk Turks a lasting presence in Anatolia

The emperor Henry IV stands as a penitent outside the pope's castle at Canossa, so as to be released from excommunication.

Toledo is captured from the Muslims by Alfonso VI of Castile, who continues the city's traditions of religious tolerance

On the death of his father, William the Conqueror, William II becomes king of England

Roger I, the first Norman count of Sicily, completes the conquest of the island from the Muslims

Konya, in central Turkey, becomes the capital of the Seljuk Turks, who call themselves sultans of Rum

On the death of his brother, William II, Henry I becomes king of England

The White Ship strikes a rock off the Cherbourg peninsula drowning William the Aetheling, heir to the English throne

On the death of Henry I, his nephew Stephen moves quickly to keep Henry's daughter Matilda off the English throne

Walter FitzAlan takes a post as steward with the Scottish king, thus establishing the Stewart family and later dynasty

Conrad III, of the Hohenstaufen family, is elected German king - a title which remains in the family for more than a century, bringing with it that of Holy Roman emperor

The city of Angkor and the great temple of Angkor Wat are created by the Khmer dynasty in Cambodia

Frederick Barbarossa becomes king of Germany and Holy Roman emperor, greatly extending the power of the empire during a long reign

Henry II, coming to the throne of England, is king or feudal overlord of an unbroken swathe of territory from the Tweed to the Pyrenees

Vienna is adopted by the Babenberg rulers as the capital city of Austria

Saladin deposes the Fatimid caliph and brings Egypt back to orthodoxy, acknowledging the rule of the Sunni caliph in Baghdad

The English king, Henry II, acknowledges Rhys ap Gruffydd as the lord of south Wales

The Scottish king, William the Lion, is captured raiding into Northumberland and is taken south with his feet tied beneath his horse

The triumph of the Minamoto clan in Japan in 1185 leads to an uneasy relationship between the brothers Yoritomo and Yoshitsune

The English king Henry II is succeeded by his third son as Richard I

A year after succeeding to the throne of England, Richard I sets off east as one of the leaders of the third crusade

The third crusade suffers an early disaster when its first leader, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, is drowned crossing the Calycadnus river