By the Treaty of Campo Formio the free republic of Venice, created by Napoleon, is handed over to Austrian rule

Napoleon, with distinguished scientists in his fleet, sails to invade Egypt

The British acquire a foothold in the Persian Gulf by making Oman a protectorate

Tipu Sultan, ruler of Mysore, is killed fighting the British at Seringapatam

Toussaint L'Ouverture emerges as the leader of Saint-Domingue, ruling without French colonial control

Toussaint L'Ouverture invades the neighbouring Spanish colony of Santo Domingo, and becomes ruler of of the whole island of Hispaniola

A powerful French force arrives in Saint-Domingue and recovers control of the colony, offering generous terms to the native leaders

The Treaty of Amiens restores the Cape of Good Hope to the Netherlands

The city of Hobart is founded on the southern coast of Tasmania

The British recapture the Cape of Good Hope from the Dutch

The Creole militia of Buenos Aires drive out an English force which has captured the city

Napoleon and the Russian tsar Alexander I meet on a raft at Tilsit and set about carving up Europe

The British impose the so-called Hottentot Code, protecting Africans at the Cape but also tying them to employers' farms

The Treaty of Fort Wayne is the climax of seven years in which William Henry Harrison has acquired millions of acres from the American Indians

Ranjit Singh, maharaja of the Punjab, agrees an eastern boundary between himself and the British in the Treaty of Amritsar

Napoleon annexes the Papal States and is excommunicated by the pope, Pius VII

In the Treaty of Hamina (or Fredrikshamn), Sweden cedes Finland to Russia as an autonomous grand duchy

The Fulani establish a capital at Sokoto, from which they dominate the Hausa kingdoms of northern Nigeria

An American army attacks and destroys Tecumseh's base at Prophetstown

The Turks recapture Belgrade and sell thousands of Serb women and children into slavery

Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden, in the Treaty of Kiel, following Bernadotte's successful Danish campaign

The congress of Vienna leaves the Cape of Good Hope in British hands

The Sikh maharajah of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh, conquers Kashmir, beginning a century and a half of Sikh dominance in the region

The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands)

The first big influx of British settlers, numbering some 5000, arrives at Cape Town in South Africa