John Moore dies at Corunna but his army escapes from Spain and gets back to England

The reforming party in Spain become known as the Liberales, in the first political use of the term Liberal

The Spanish Cortes flees from the renewed French invasion and establishes itself in Cadiz

The Spanish Cortes in Cadiz produces a strikingly liberal new constitution for Spain

Wellington defeats Napoleon's brother Joseph at Vitoria, and captures his valuable baggage train

Wellington crosses the Bidassoa river in the north of Spain, bringing an enemy army on to French soil for the first time in twenty years

Ferdinand VII, restored to Spain, imposes a reactionary regime and persecutes his liberal opponents

Spain sells Florida to the USA for $5 million, in return for the waiving of any American claim to Texas

A second liberal revolution in Spain ends with Ferdinand VII a prisoner of the Cortes in Cadiz

With the help of an army from France, the Spanish king Ferdinand VII is freed from confinement and restored to his throne

The elderly Francisco de Goya becomes the first great artist to attempt lithography

Civil war breaks out in Spain between supporters of Ferdinand VII's three-year-old daughter, Isabella II, and of his brother Don Carlos

Polish composer Frédéric Chopin completes his Preludes under difficult conditions in Majorca

The return to Spain of Isabella's son, as Alfonso XII, offers an end to forty years of royal feuding

The Ten Years' War ends in Cuba, with Spain promising extensive reforms including the abolition of slavery

The young daughter of an amateur archaeologist discovers the first known example of prehistoric art, in a cave at Altamira in Spain

Antoni Gaudí begins a life-long commitment to the building of a modern cathedral in Barcelona, El Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Familia

Spain begins to colonize the Western Sahara, subsequently known as the Spanish Sahara

The Basque Nationalist Party is founded, beginning more than a century of separatist unrest in northwest Spain

The Spanish governor in Cuba is recalled to Spain, for pioneering the concept of the concentration camp

The Philippines declare independence from the colonial power, Spain, with whom they are at war

In the Treaty of Paris, ending the Spanish-American War, Spain cedes Puerto Rico and Cuba to the USA

The agreement ending the Spanish-American War includes Spain selling the Philippines to the USA for a payment of $20 million

Enrique Granados completes the ten piano pieces forming his Danzas españolas

In a paper to a congress in Madrid, on the 'psychology and psychopathology of animals', Ivan Pavlov announces his discovery of the conditioned reflex