Richard II cedes his crown to Bolingbroke, as Henry IV, and a few months later dies in Pontefract castle - probably starved to death

Guilds of singers and song-writers develop in German towns, calling themselves Meistersinger, or master singers

The followers of Wycliffe, after his death, become known as Lollards or 'mutterers'

The English mystery cycles are performed by trade guilds, on carts pulled from audience to audience around the city

The Welsh rise against the English and proclaim Owain Glyn Dwr as their own prince of Wales

Majolica, or tin-glazed earthenware, reaches Italy from Majorca and thus gets its name

John Huss, known for his radical approach to Christianity, is put in charge of the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague

Owain Glyn Dwr captures Aberystwyth and Harlech from the English and sets up an independent Welsh administration

Pisa is captured by Florence, to be followed a few years later by the purchase of the seaport of Livorno

On the death of his father, Robert III, James I becomes king of Scotland

Rivalry between factions of the French royal family results in the murder in Paris of the king's brother, Louis duke of Orléans, and the onset of civil war

Driven from Aberystwyth and Harlech, Owain Glyn Dwr loses support - and the last Welsh rebellion fades away

The Council at Pisa elects a new pope, Alexander V, without persuading the other two to resign - bringing the total to an unprecedented three

The Poles defeat the Teutonic knights between Tannenberg and Grunwald, bringing the coastal strip around Gdansk into the Polish kingdom

The Viking settlement in Greenland ends, after 400 years, when the last ship leaves the colony and sails for Norway

The linen drapers of Florence commission a statue of St Mark from Donatello, who carves for Orsanmichele the first free-standing Renaissance sculpture

The three Limburg brothers illustrate for the duke of Berry the Très Riches Heures, one of the masterpieces of International Gothic

Henry V succeeds his father, Henry IV, as king of England

A council is called at Constance, to consider the radical views of John Huss and to deal with the present excess of popes

Filippo Brunelleschi begins studying the ruins of classical Rome, with a view to rediscovering classical architecture

John Huss, invited to Constance under a promise of safe conduct, is arrested, tried and burnt at the stake as a heretic

Henry V captures the French stronghold of Harfleur - where, in Shakespeare, he urges his dear friends 'once more unto the breach'

Henry V wins a victory on St Crispin's day at Agincourt, against a much larger and more heavily armed French force

A Portuguese prince, Henry the Navigator, becomes fascinated by exploration down the coast of Africa and commissions successive voyages

The Council of Constance, having done its best to dispose of the three existing popes, elects a new one - Martin V