Edward I invades Scotland, massacres the people of Berwick, captures John de Balliol and brings to Westminster the Stone of Scone

The English government in Dublin calls a parliament on the lines of England's recent Model Parliament

William Wallace's victory over the English at Stirling Bridge enables him to rule Scotland on behalf of John de Balliol

The authorities in Siena publish strict regulations for the design of the buildings around a new central piazza, the Campo

Marco Polo, in prison in Genoa, is persuaded by a fellow prisoner to narrate his adventures

The English longbow, in one of its early appearances, proves too much for the Scots at Falkirk

Edward I's victory at Falkirk ends the career of William Wallace, of whom nothing more is heard until his capture and execution in 1305

Southampton boasts the earliest known bowling green, mentioned in a document of this year

Boniface VIII declares a Jubilee or Holy Year, with plenary indulgences for pilgrims who make their way to Rome

The Italian communes employ powerful leaders, or signori, in a trend which leads away from oligarchy and towards princely rule

The bankers of northern Italy develop a method of accountancy - double-entry book-keeping - which will have lasting significance

Duns Scotus, known as the Subtle Doctor in medieval times, later provides humanists with the name Dunsman or dunce

Edward I, conqueror of Wales, bestows the cherished title 'prince of Wales' on his own heir, the future Edward II

Andrew III of Hungary dies without an heir, bringing to an end four centuries of rule by the descendants of Arpad

The estates-general of France gather for the first time, in Notre Dame, to consider the king's relationship with the pope

Dante, a member of the White faction in Florence, is sentenced to death by the Blacks - and never returns to his native city

Enrico degli Scrovegni employs Giotto to paint the cycle of frescoes in his chapel in Padua

After the murder of his rival, in a church in Dumfries, Robert de Bruce is crowned king of Scots at Scone

Robert de Bruce, in hiding on the island of Rathlin, is supposedly given a lesson in perseverance by a spider

On the death of his father, Edward I, Edward II becomes king of England

Dante, in exile from Florence, begins work on The Divine Comedy - completing it just before his death, 14 years later

The cathedral authorities in Siena commission from Duccio the great altarpiece which becomes known as the Maestà

The Teutonic knights seize the coastal area round Gdansk, cutting off Poland's access to the sea

Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon, in a move which is expected to be temporary but which lasts for nearly seventy years

The hiatus on the Hungarian throne ends when the Angevin contender is crowned as Charles I