The USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) officially comes into being, with a newly written constitution

The Treaty of Lausanne, with more favourable terms than those negotiated at Sèvres, finally brings peace between Turkey and the Allies

In I and Thou the Austrian theologian Martin Buber interprets religion in terms of the subjective experience of interpersonal relationships

The gentleman detective Lord Peter Wimsey makes his first appearance in Dorothy Sayers' Whose Body?

Le Corbusier publishes an influential collection of his articles under the title Towards a New Architecture

Bernard Shaw's play Saint Joan has its world premiere in New York

Zoltan Kod´ly's work for tenor, chorus and orchestra, Psalmus Hungaricus, has its first performance in Budapest

Sigmund Freud proposes a new interpretation of the mind in his book The Ego and the Id

Turkey becomes a republic with Atatürk as president and Ankara as its new capital

Adolf Hitler, launching a putsch in a Munich beer cellar, announces the birth of a new national government

Adolf Hitler's beer-cellar putsch ends in ignominious failure, as he turns and flees under fire

Hermann Goering is wounded in the aftermath of the Munich beer hall putsch, but unlike Hitler manages to escape

Arthur Honegger's Pacific 231, inspired by the sounds of a steam train, has its first performance in Paris

Rainer Maria Rilke publishes his Duino Elegies and his Sonnets to Orpheus

Adolf Hitler dictates Mein Kampf to Rudolf Hess in their shared prison cell after the failed Munich putsch

Rudolf Hess suggests to Hitler the policy of Lebensraum or 'living space' for the German people

Paul Hindemith sets Rainer Maria Rilke's song-cycle Das Marienleben

Winston Churchill, accepting the position of chancellor of the exchequer in Baldwin's cabinet, returns to the Conservative party

Lenin's death is followed by an intense power struggle in the Kremlin between Stalin, Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinoviev

A general election brings in Britain's first Labour prime minister, Ramsay MacDonald, at the head of a minority government

Sean O'Casey's second play Juno and the Paycock is performed at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin

The Italian Socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti is murdered by Mussolini's Fascists

Swimmer Johnny Weissmuller wins three Olympic gold medals in the Paris games, together with a bronze in water polo

Max Brod disregards Franz Kafka's dying instruction to destroy all his manuscripts

The British rugby team touring South Africa are for the first time called the Lions