istoryworld
Events relating to inventions and discoveries
In the earlist known example of ceramics, humans at Dolni Vestonice model figures in burnt clay
Needles of bone or ivory are now fine enough to take a thread as thin as horse hair
The spindle develops naturally in the process of twisting fibres into thread by hand
Neolithic communities in eastern Anatolia make implements of hammered copper - the first tentative step out of the Stone Age
The first evidence of a loom comes from this period in Egypt, but some simple method of holding the warp must be as old as weaving
A simple hand-held plough is in use in Egypt and Mesopotamia, at least 1000 years before a heavier version is pulled by oxen
The lever is in use in both Mesopotamia and Egypt
Wheels are in use on carts, particularly where wood is easily available and the ground rough - as in the forests of Europe
Potters in Mesopotamia turn their pots on wheels
The Chinese discover that the cocoon of a certain worm can be unwound, spun as thread and then woven - thus creating silk
Objects are cast in bronze, at Ur in Mesopotamia - introducing what is later called the Bronze Age
Yarns of spun cotton survive at Mohenjo-daro, one of the two great cities of the Indus civilization
The Hittites, in Anatolia, are the first people to work iron - introducing what is later called the Iron Age
The clepsydra, or water clock, is developed in Egypt
Iron reheated with carbon is found to be much harder, being transformed into steel
The technique of glazing pottery is discovered in Mesopotamia, though used at this stage only for decorative arts arts purposes
The earliest surviving sundial is in use in Egypt
The first known lock and key is fitted in the new palace of Sargon II at Khorsabad, in Assyria
The Chinese become the first people to cast iron, after developing a furnace which can reach a very high temperature
The earliest description of a pulley appears in a Greek text
To help the king of Syracuse extract water from the hold of a ship (so the story goes), Archimedes invents the screw now known by his name
Cement is in use for construction in Asia Minor, possibly developed first in Pergamum
Parchment is invented by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum, according to traditional accounts
The Phoenicians discover that a blob of molten glass can be puffed out to form a hollow vessel
The dioptra, developed by Hero of Alexandria for surveying land, is an early form of theodolite
