A stone pestle and mortar is made at the neolithic site of Merthyr Mawr, in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales

Agricola, appointed Roman governor of Britain in AD 77, establishes Chester as a stronghold from which to control the Welsh tribes

St David founds monasteries in Wales and makes his base at Mynyw, a place now known after him as St David's

The Anglo-Saxons have a name for the Celts west of Offa's dyke - wealas or Welsh, meaning foreigners

Rhodri Mawr, or Rhodri the Great, is widely accepted as king of almost the whole of Wales

Norman earls are given territories on the marches of Wales, with the specific task of raiding their neighbours

The English king, Henry II, acknowledges Rhys ap Gruffydd as the lord of south Wales

The longbow, a weapon of great use to English armies, is probably first developed in Wales

Llewellyn ap Iorwerth acquires such authority over other Welsh chieftains that he is informally referred to as the prince of Wales

In a treaty agreed at Shrewsbury, the English king Henry III acknowledges Llewellyn ap Gruffydd as the prince of Wales

An uprising by Llewellyn ap Gruffydd, the prince of Wales, ends with his own death and the subjugation of Wales by the king of England, Edward I

Edward I begins a series of powerful castles - Harlech, Caernarfon and Conwy in this year alone - to subdue the Welsh

Edward I, conqueror of Wales, bestows the cherished title 'prince of Wales' on his own heir, the future Edward II

The Welsh rise against the English and proclaim Owain Glyn Dwr as their own prince of Wales

The 15-year-old Henry, prince of Wales and the future Henry V, takes personal command of the war against the Welsh

Owain Glyn Dwr captures Aberystwyth and Harlech from the English and sets up an independent Welsh administration

Driven from Aberystwyth and Harlech, Owain Glyn Dwr loses support - and the last Welsh rebellion fades away

With the end of the threat from Wales, the Prince of Wales becomes more directly involved in government, leading to frequent clashes with his ailing father

Wales is merged within the English kingdom as a principality

The Book of Common Prayer and the New Testament are published in Welsh, to be followed by the complete Bible in 1588

Work starts on Maids of Honour Row, four magnificent houses commissioned as lodgings for the ladies-in-waiting to the Princess of Wales

Frederick, Prince of Wales, buys Kew Park, which with 19 acres is the only large estate in Kew not yet bought or leased by his parents.

Frederick Prince of Wales takes a lease of a house at the west end of Kew Green opposite Kew Palace and instructs William Kent to remodel it. It becomes known as the White House.

Prince Frederick spends nearly £1000 on trees and shrubs, acquired from the local nurseryman Richard Butt for his estate in Kew

Charity schools, one for boys and one for girls, are opened briefly on Kew Green, supported by local subscribers led by Prince Frederick