Events relating to the netherlands
The Netherlands, or 'low countries' around the Rhine delta, enter history as the Roman province of Germania Inferior
Oil paints, long familiar in the Netherlands, begin to be adopted in Italy in place of tempera
The assembly brought together in Bruges in 1463 is later seen as the first full gathering of the Netherlands States-General
Charles V abdicates, handing the Netherlands and Spain to his son Philip and the title of Holy Roman emperor to his brother Ferdinand

Pieter Brueghel the Elder depicts biblical events taking place among the peasants of the Netherlands countryside
William of Orange declares himself a Calvinist and assumes the leadership of the united provinces of the Netherlands
The Pacification of Ghent unites all the provinces of the Netherlands in opposition to Spain
The Union of Arras and the Union of Utrecht split the Netherlands into Catholic and Protestant camps
In the Oath of Abjuration the northern provinces of the Netherlands formally reject the rule of the Spanish king, Philip II
Spain recognizes the independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands
Dutch traders purchase Kakiemon wares in Japan for import to the Netherlands
The Netherlands, forced by invasion into the French camp, is transformed into the Batavian republic
The Treaty of Amiens restores the Cape of Good Hope to the Netherlands
The head of the house of Orange becomes, for the first time, the sovereign prince of the Netherlands
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates and goes into exile in the Netherlands
After the German invasion of the Netherlands and Belgium, Winston Churchill replaces Chamberlain as the British prime minister
Only two days after crossing the Netherlands border, a German division reaches the coast near Rotterdam
The caretaker government of the Netherlands surrenders to the German invaders
A group of dancers leave the Netherlands Ballet and establish their own Netherlands Dance Theatre in The Hague
US artist Sol LeWitt buries a metal cube in the Netherlands to create Box in a Hole
Ultimos Ritos ('Last Rites'), an oratorio by John Tavener, has its first performance in Haarlem in the Netherlands
Czech choreographer Jiri Kylián becomes director of the Netherlands Dance Theatre in The Hague
A treaty signed in the Netherlands town of Maastricht establishes the European Union and prepares for the introduction of the euro
The TV reality show Big Brother, devised by John de Mol, is broadcast for the first time in the Netherlands

The Netherlands becomes the first country to legalize euthanasia, allowing doctors to end the life of a patient suffering 'unbearably' from a terminal condition