istoryworld
Events relating to north africa
Bernard Montgomery is appointed commander of the demoralized British and Commonwealth Eighth Army in North Africa
Rommel's new thrust towards Alexandria is halted by the British at Alam al-Halfa, a ridge near El Alamein
Montgomery launches the second battle of El Alamein against Rommel
In a few weeks Montgomery and the Eighth Army push Rommel back some 1200 miles, into Tunisia
American and British forces, under Dwight Eisenhower, land in Morocco and Algeria
After three days of resistance the French commanders in north Africa bring their troops over to the Allied side
Roosevelt and Churchill meet in Casablanca for a strategic conference
The Casablanca Conference includes the decision to insist on unconditional surrender by the Axis powers
The victory of the Allies in north Africa brings to an end the three-year siege of Malta
May 7 - the Allies capture Tunis, taking 250,000 German and Italian prisoners and winning control of North Africa
Gamal Abdel Nasser and army colleagues form a secret party, the Free Officers, to fight for an independent Egyptian republic
Arab countries, gathered for a conference in Cairo, form the Arab League to further their joint interests
Demonstrations in Algeria spark off an uprising against French rule, which is put down with the loss of perhaps 10,000 Muslim lives
The Muslim Brotherhood carries out acts of terrorism against the Egyptian authorities and British troops
Egypt controls the Gaza Strip area of Palestine at the end of the Arab-Israeli war
Libya wins independence from Italy, as a kingdom with Idris I as head of state
A group of officers led by Gamal Abdel Nasser depose Egypt's king, Farouk, and send him into exile
Ahmed Ben Bella forms the Front de Libération National (FLN) to fight for Algerian independence
A radical manifesto and acts of terrorism alert the world to the emergence of the FLN, committed to independence for Algeria
Nasser escapes an assassination attempt by the fundamentalist Muslim Brotherhood
An armed uprising in Morocco persuades France to accept the principle of independence for the colony
Nasser alarms the west by buying eastern-bloc arms through Czechoslovakia
Tunisia wins independence from France, with Habib Bourguiba as prime minister
French Morocco and Spanish Morocco win independence from the two colonial powers
