istoryworld
Events relating to north africa
By the treaty of Fès a French protectorate is formally established in Morocco
France and Spain agree that Spain shall become the colonial power in the north of Morocco and France in the south
The British government changes the status of Egypt from a Turkish province to a British protectorate
Wafd, a national party, is formed in Cairo with the purpose of ending Egypt's enforced link with Britain
The League of Nations makes South West Africa (Namibia) a mandated British territory, to be administered by South Africa
Destour is formed as a nationalist party in Tunisia, demanding full independence from France
Abd-el-Krim wins a sensational victory over Spanish forces in Morocco and gains control of the Rif
Egypt becomes an independent kingdom, subject to a British military presence to protect the Suez canal
Howard Carter exposes a flight of steps in the Valley of the Kings and comes to a barrier bearing the name Tutankhamun
Hassan al-Banna, a schoolteacher in Ismailia, founds the Muslim Brotherhood – to campaign for a society based on the Qu'ran with the sharia as its legal system
Neo-Destour, a party demanding Tunisian independence, has Habib Bourguiba as its secretary general
A collection of Constantine Cavafy's poems is published in Alexandria in an undated edition
On the death of his father, Fuad I, the 16-year-old Farouk becomes king of Egypt
A rebellion by Spanish troops in Morocco is soon led by Francisco Franco and sparks the Spanish Civil War
British warships bombard the French fleet in harbour at Mers-el-Kébir, in Algeria, killing more than 1250 sailors
Archibald Wavell's Allied divisions, after a rapid desert campaign, drive the Italians from the Libyan port of Tobruk
Adolf Hitler sends Erwin Rommel to save the Italians from looming disaster in north Africa
Churchill appoints Claude Auchinleck as British commander in North Africa and the Middle East
Britain's Special Air Service (SAS) is formed for unorthodox guerrilla operations in the north African desert
Italian frogmen enter the harbour at Alexandria and cripple two British battleships
Churchill gives Harold Macmillan an unusual job, negotiating on behalf of the British government in north Africa and reporting directly to Churchill
Algerian nationalist Ferhat Abbas produces a manifesto demanding independence from France
German general Erwin Rommel captures Tobruk, along with 33,000 British soldiers and valuable supplies
Auchinleck finally stops Rommel's advance, in the first battle of El Alamein
US general Dwight Eisenhower is appointed to command Allied landings in north Africa
