Events relating to asia

The Persian fleet moves south towards Athens, but then heads home across the Aegean without attempting an assault on the city

Xerxes I, renewing the campaign of his father Darius against the Greeks, leads a large army round the Aegean and through Thrace

The Delian League is formed for mutual defence, but also to liberate the Greek cities of Ionia from Persian rule

Vardhamana, an Indian prince, leaves home to live as a beggar - at the start of the Jain religion

The Athenian general Cimon wins a spectacular victory over the Persians at the mouth of the Eurymedon River, in southwest Turkey

The earliest known example of Arabic writing is on an inscribed column at Tema, in northwest Arabia

In the Peace of Kallias the Persians acknowledge the independence of Greek Ionia, and agree not to bring their fleet into the Aegean

Gautama Buddha preaches his first sermon, at Sarnath, setting out the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path

Gautama, after a night of meditation under a pipal tree at Buddh Gaya, is 'enlightened' and becomes the Buddha

Buddha introduces a vigorous tradition of monasticism, in the order of Buddhist monks known as Sangha

The Persians, renewing their interest in the Aegean, fund the Spartans in the building of a fleet to match that of Athens

The kingdom of Magadha, with its capital at Rajgir (near modern Patna), emerges as the dominant power in north India

Artemisia, widow of Mausolus, builds him a tomb at Halicarnassus so spectacular that his name provides a new word - mausoleum

Daoism, attributed to the mythical sage Lao Tzu, becomes a popular alternative to the solemnity of Confucianism

The brutal philosophy of Legalism contributes to the decline of the Zhou dynasty

The Mahabharata, India's great national epic, begins to take shape

Indulging in a moment of romantic tourism, Alexander visits Troy at the start of his Persian campaign

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