istoryworld
Events relating to europe
Quaker philanthopist Elizabeth Fry, appalled by the condition of female prisoners in London's Newgate gaol, begins campaigning on their behalf
In a treaty with Russia and Prussia at Reichenbach, Austria agrees to declare war on France
Bolívar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and is welcomed in Caracas as the Liberator
Rebels meeting for a conference in Chilpancingo proclaim a short-lived Mexican independence
The head of the house of Orange becomes, for the first time, the sovereign prince of the Netherlands
Wellington crosses the Bidassoa river in the north of Spain, bringing an enemy army on to French soil for the first time in twenty years
Pride and Prejudice, based on a youthful work of 1797 called First Impressions, is the second of Jane Austen's novels to be published
Napoleon's first empress, Josephine, dies near Paris
Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden, in the Treaty of Kiel, following Bernadotte's successful Danish campaign
José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano
A cold February freezes the Thames and makes possible the last of London's famous frost fairs
The Russian emperor and the Prussian king take a salute in the Champs Elysées after the allies capture Paris
Napoleon abdicates at Fontainebleau and the French senate invites Louis XVIII to return to reclaim his throne
English engineer George Stephenson builds his first locomotive, the Blucher, and runs it at the Killingworth colliery
Ferdinand VII, restored to Spain, imposes a reactionary regime and persecutes his liberal opponents
Napoleon goes into exile on the island of Elba, which he immediately treats as a miniature state in need of improvement
The Spanish recapture Caracas, after which Bolívar moves southwest to advance on Bogotá, now held again by the Spanish
Spanish forces at Rancagua defeat a Chilean army commanded by Bernardo O'Higgins, who escapes across the Andes into Argentina
Bolívar recaptures Bogotá from the recently returned Spanish troops
The crowned heads of Europe and their representatives gather in Vienna to tidy up the post-Napoleonic continent
Robert Peel, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces a police force soon known as the 'Peelers'
The Jesuit Order is restored by Pius VII on his return to Rome
The Times, England's oldest daily newspaper, becomes the first to print on a steam press
Britain and the United States sign the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812
English chemist Humphry Davy invents a safety lamp that shields the naked flame and prevents explosions in mines
