Events relating to europe
Rubens completes a great narrative sequence of twenty-one paintings to celebrate the achievements of Marie de Médicis
The Dutch gradually exclude the Portuguese from the immensely lucrative trade in cloves from the Spice Islands (or Moluccas)
On the death of his father, James VI and I, Charles I becomes king of England and Scotland
The English parliament attempts to clip the wings of the new king, Charles I, by placing an annual limit on his power to raise taxes
Peter Minuit purchases the island of Manhattan from local Indians and calls the place New Amsterdam
A British colony is founded in Barbados and within fifteen years has 18,000 settlers
Claude Lorrain, basing himself like Poussin in Rome, paints classical landscapes suffused in light
William Harvey publishes a short book, De Motu Cordis, proving the circulation of the blood
The English parliament's Petition of Right emphasizes the right of the citizen to be protected from royal tyranny

The Dutch painter Rembrandt van Rijn develops a life-long interest in self-portraiture
After years of warfare, the truce of Altmark gives Estonia and most of Latvia to Sweden

The sculptor and architect Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini is given the task of adding the drama of baroque to the newly completed St Peter's in Rome
Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America
John Winthrop, appointed governor of the new Massachusetts Bay Company, sails from England with 700 settlers
John Winthrop selects the site of Boston for the first Massachusetts settlement
John Winthrop, arriving in Massachusetts, begins the journal that is eventually published as The History Of New England
Gustavus II and the Swedish army win a conclusive victory over the imperial forces at Breitenfeld
Rembrandt moves from his home town of Leiden to set up a studio in Amsterdam
The Inquisition convicts Galileo of heresy and he denies the truth of Copernicus - on being shown the instruments of torture
The Swedish army wins another convincing victory at Lützen, but Gustavus II dies leading a cavalry charge
Maryland is granted to Lord Baltimore as a haven for English Roman Catholics
Van Dyck moves to London and becomes portrait painter to the British court and aristocracy
Williamsburg, first known as Middle Plantation, is founded in Virginia
The four years of tulip mania in Holland provide the first example of speculative frenzy in a capitalist market
George Herbert's only volume of poems, The Temple, is published posthumously