istoryworld
Events relating to judaism
The first pogroms, or officially sanctioned attacks on Jews and their property, take place in Russia
The first settlements of European Jews, returning to the promised land, are established in Palestine
Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in the French army, is convicted of treason and sent to Devil's Island in French Guiana
Theodor Herzl publishes The Jewish State, calling for a national homeland for all Jews
Jewish composer Gustav Mahler is baptized a Christian so as to be eligible to conduct the Vienna Opera
The first Zionist Congress is held in Basel with Theodor Herzl in the chair
Foreign Secretary A.J. Balfour declares Britain's conditional support for a homeland in Palestine for the Jews
The Haganah is set up as an underground military organization to protect Jewish settlements in Palestine
Arabs in the Palestinian town of Hebron turn on their Jewish neighbours and murder sixty-seven
Irgun, a new Jewish paramilitary group, is set up by Haganah commanders frustrated by the older organization's policies
Adolf Hitler passes a law forcing the 'retirement' of all Jews working in the civil service, schools and universities
Adolf Hitler promulgates a law prohibiting any sexual relationship between Jews and 'Aryans'
New Nazi laws announced at Nuremberg strip Jews of their German citizenship
Left-wingers and Jews suffer immediate persecution in Nazi Austria, now part of Germany
Nazi gangs smash the premises of Jews throughout Germany and Austria in a night that becomes known as Kristallnacht, the night of cut glass
In preparation for the invasion of Russia, Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler set up Special Task Commandos (Einsatzkommando) to exterminate Communists and Jews
The systematic shooting of Russian Jews by German Einsatzgruppen is the first step in the development of the Holocaust
Goering orders Reinhard Heydrich to prepare plans for the 'final solution of the Jewish queston'
Nazi experiments are carried out on Jews and Soviet prisoners of war to find effective means of murder by gas
Adolf Eichmann, in an official letter about policy in relation to the Jews, uses the phrase 'the final solution'
In three adapted vans at Chelmno, in western Poland, the Germans begin using poison gas to kill Jews
Regina Jonas, the first woman to be ordained a rabbi, ministers tirelessly for two years in the Theresienstadt concentration camp until she herself is murdered
A Jewish girl in Amsterdam, Anne Frank, is given a diary for her thirteenth birthday
German industrial enterprises are moved from the vulnerable Ruhr valley to the slave labour facilities of Auschwitz
Jews in Warsaw resist a fierce German onslaught for a month before their ghetto is finally destroyed
