A dangerous feud develops between two of England's most powerful barons, Henry of Bolingbroke (son of John of Gaunt) and Thomas de Mowbray

John of Gaunt dies and Richard II denies Henry of Bolingbroke his Lancastrian inheritance, declaring Gaunt's vast estates forfeit to the crown

Henry of Bolingbroke, denied his inheritance, returns to England to lead an armed rebellion against his cousin the king

Richard II surrenders at Conwy to the forces led by Henry of Bolingbroke

Richard II is deposed by parliament and Boliingbroke is proclaimed king of England, as Henry IV, introducing the royal house of Lancaster

Richard II cedes his crown to Bolingbroke, as Henry IV, and a few months later dies in Pontefract castle - probably starved to death

Richard II dies in Pontefract castle, almost certainly starved to death on the orders of the new king - insecure on his throne as an undeniable usurper

The final style of medieval painting, common to all Europe, is known as International Gothic because of its slender and elegant figures

The followers of Wycliffe, after his death, become known as Lollards or 'mutterers'

The English mystery cycles are performed by trade guilds, on carts pulled from audience to audience around the city

The Welsh rise against the English and proclaim Owain Glyn Dwr as their own prince of Wales

Majolica, or tin-glazed earthenware, reaches Italy from Majorca and thus gets its name

Owain Glyn Dwr captures Aberystwyth and Harlech from the English and sets up an independent Welsh administration

Pisa is captured by Florence, to be followed a few years later by the purchase of the seaport of Livorno

On the death of his father, Robert III, James I becomes king of Scotland

Rivalry between factions of the French royal family results in the murder in Paris of the king's brother, Louis duke of Orléans, and the onset of civil war

Driven from Aberystwyth and Harlech, Owain Glyn Dwr loses support - and the last Welsh rebellion fades away

The Council at Pisa elects a new pope, Alexander V, without persuading the other two to resign - bringing the total to an unprecedented three

The Poles defeat the Teutonic knights between Tannenberg and Grunwald, bringing the coastal strip around Gdansk into the Polish kingdom

The Viking settlement in Greenland ends, after 400 years, when the last ship leaves the colony and sails for Norway

The linen drapers of Florence commission a statue of St Mark from Donatello, who carves for Orsanmichele the first free-standing Renaissance sculpture

The three Limburg brothers illustrate for the duke of Berry the Très Riches Heures, one of the masterpieces of International Gothic

Henry V succeeds his father, Henry IV, as king of England

Filippo Brunelleschi begins studying the ruins of classical Rome, with a view to rediscovering classical architecture

Henry V captures the French stronghold of Harfleur - where, in Shakespeare, he urges his dear friends 'once more unto the breach'