istoryworld
Events relating to turkey
An apocryphal story states that Julian the Apostate, dying at Tarsus, acknowledges the victory of the Galilean, Jesus Christ
The Visigoths inflict a devastating defeat on a Roman army at Adrianople, and win for themselves the status of Roman federates
Theodosius becomes the Roman emperor and revives Constantine's close link between church and state
A council is convened at Ephesus to consider the theology of Nestorius, which is judged to be heretical
Theodoric the Ostrogoth, threatening Constantinople, is cunningly diverted by the emperor into invading Italy
The law is changed to allow Justinian, of senatorial rank, to marry Theodora — whom courtesy describes as an actress
Justinian becomes emperor in Constantinople, beginning a reign which will restore the empire to much of its former glory
Theodora shows her mettle, as empress, in her response to the anarchy and terror unleashed in Constantinople by the Nika revolt
The codification of Roman law, ordered by Justinian, is completed
The great domed church of Santa Sophia, rebuilt on the orders of Justinian, is completed after only five years of construction
The vast dome of Santa Sophia in Constantinople is supported on a square of four arches, making the most sophisticated use so far of the pendentive
A Muslim fleet attacking Constantinople is deterred by the first known use of the Byzantine secret recipe for 'Greek fire'
Turkish tribes, northern neighbours of the Muslims in central Asia, begin to adopt Islam as their religion
The earliest two Turkish states are the confederation of Gök Türk and the empire of the Khazars
The emperor Leo III launches the iconoclastic controversy, sending soldiers to smash the great image of Christ over the gateway to his palace
The campaigns of Alp Arslan, culminating in 1071, give the Seljuk Turks a lasting presence in Anatolia
The Seljuk Turks and the Byzantines meet in battle at Manzikert, with victory going to the Turks
Venice acquires valuable trading privileges from Constantinople, her merchants being excused all dues and customs in the Byzantine empire
After a siege of seven months, the city of Antioch falls to the knights of the first crusade
Konya, in central Turkey, becomes the capital of the Seljuk Turks, who call themselves sultans of Rum
Resentment of western merchants results in a massacre of Roman Catholics by fellow Christians in Constantinople
The third crusade suffers an early disaster when its first leader, the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, is drowned crossing the Calycadnus river
The crusaders of the fourth crusade besiege, take and destroy the Christian city of Constantinople
The Byzantine empire continues, in much reduced form, with a new capital at Nicaea
A Latin empire is set up in Constantinople on the same basis as the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem
