Events relating to the medici

Total knee replacement
British surgeon John Charnley pioneers the technique of joint replacement, giving a patient a new hip in a small hospital in Wrightington

Human sperm fertilising an egg
British scientists Patrick Steptoe and Robert Edwards fertilize in a test-tube eggs removed from human ovaries

Collecting eggs for IVF
Louise Brown, born in England, is the first test-tube baby, having been conceived by IVF (In vitro fertilization)
Surgeons in Sweden achieve the first artificial living organ transplant, after using the patient's own stem cells to coat a plastic replica of his windpipe
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