istoryworld
Events relating to oman
Caesar and Pompey use violence and intimidation to force through the senate a bill giving public land to retired soldiers (with Pompey's men at the head of the queue)
Julius Caesar begins the long slow process of pushing Roman occupation steadily northwards in France (or Gaul)
Julius Caesar makes the first of his two invasions of Celtic Britain
Julius Caesar returns to Britain for a second visit, this time reaching north of the Thames into the kingdom of Cassivellaunus
The senate, controlled by Pompey and his faction, orders Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome
Pompey flees from Rome at the approach of Caesar, and boards a ship at Brindisi to sail eastwards
Julius Caesar moves fast to drive Pompey's supporters from Italy and to crush forces loyal to him in Spain
Julius Caesar defeats his rival Pompey at Pharsalus, in Greece, and makes himself master of the Roman world
Vercingetorix is a prize exhibit in Caesar's great triumph in Rome, but the Celtic chieftain is strangled once the procession is over
Julius Caesar goes to Africa to confront the remainder of Pompey's forces, and defeats them at Thapsus – but two of Pompey's sons escape to Spain
Cleopatra travels to Rome with Caesarion, whom Caesar now officially recognizes as his son
In the final act of his long struggle with supporters of Pompey, Julius Caesar defeats their last survivors at Munda in Spain
Mark Antony gives a dramatic speech in praise of Caesar, calming the crowd but also positioning himself for the next stage in an ongoing power struggle
Soon after the assassination of Caesar, Cleopatra and Caesarion return to Egypt
Virgil's reputation is established by his ten Eclogues, influenced by the Italian countryside in the region of his birth near Mantua
In a spectacular cerermony known as the Donations of Alexandria, Mark Antony distributes the eastern Roman territories between Cleopatra, her eldest son (Caesarion) and his own three children
Octavian annexes Egypt as a Roman territory and takes back to Rome the vast treasures of the Egyptian pharaohs
With the annexation of Egypt, the entire Mediterranean falls under Roman control
When Octavian's Egyptian hoard reaches Rome, the standard rate of interest falls from 12% to 4%
Octavian is given the life-long title of Augustus by the senate in Rome, becoming in effect the first Roman emperor
Livy begins writing and publishing his History of Rome, a task which will occupy him for forty years
The first three books of Horace's Odes are published, written on his Sabine farm
Herod the Great, king of Judaea, begins to build a spectacular new Temple for the Jews on the sacred mount in Jerusalem
The excellence of the arts, particularly literature, during the reign of Augustus Caesar causes it to be remembered as a golden age of culture
A collection of witty love poems, entitled Amores, brings Ovid an early success
