Events relating to migration

The Slavs cross the Danube and press southwards into the Roman provinces of Moesia and Thracia

The Slavs arrive in the Balkans and settle in all parts of the region except Albania

Most of Spain is by now in the hands of the Visigoths, though for a while the Byzantines win back territories in the south

If there is any historical basis for the legendary King Arthur, it is as a Celtic chieftain resisting the Anglo-Saxons in the sixth century

The Lombards invade northern Italy, and within four years occupy it as far south as the Po

Fugitives from the Lombard invasion of northern Italy take refuge on islands in the Venetian lagoon - and become the founders of Venice

Pope Gregory I negotiates with the Lombards who are threatening Rome

The Scots, a tribal group of northern Ireland, extend their kingdom across the sea into Scotland

Within two years of the death of Muhammad, the Arabs surge north into the Syrian desert

Retreating from the Arab onslaught, the Visigoths establish a kingdom of last resort in the extreme north of Spain, in Asturias

The Anglo-Saxons have a name for the Celts west of Offa's dyke - wealas or Welsh, meaning foreigners

Viking tribes known as the Rus are established as traders in the region of Novgorod

The Magyars, under the leadership of Arpad, establish themselves in Hungary

The Vikings settle in France, as Normans, when Rollo the Ganger is granted feudal rights over the region round Rouen

Toltecs move into the valley of Mexico from the north and establish a capital city at Tula

The Poles are first recorded as a tribal group when a German knight comes into contact with them in the region round Gniezno

The Inca ethnic group migrates into the region of the Cuzco valley in Peru

Warlike tribal groups, calling themselves Rajput and claiming descent from the Aryan warrior caste, are now in Rajasthan

The Aztecs begin to move south from their original home, which they call Aztlan, somewhere in northern Mexico

German pressure eastwards (the Drang nach Osten) steadily brings colonists into regions previously occupied by Slavs

Batu Khan and his Mongols sweep into Russia, where they and their descendants become known as the Golden Horde

Mongols of the Golden Horde defeat the Poles at Legnica and ravage the city of Cracow

Mongols of the Golden Horde reach Hungary, where they graze their horses for the summer before withdrawing to the Volga

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