istoryworld
Events relating to islam
Muslims, arriving from Persia through Baluchistan, occupy the region of Sind in western India
The Muslim advance into France is halted when Charles Martel defeats the Arabs between Poitiers and Tours
Sufism develops as a mystical strain within Islam
The Abbasids massacre the Umayyads in Damascus and establish a new caliphate
Muscat and Oman establish a tradition of spiritual rule by elected imams
Abd-ar-Rahman, escaping from the massacre of his family in Syria, establishes a new Umayyad dynasty at Cordoba
Islam reaches Shanga, off the east coast of Africa, with the building of a tiny wooden mosque
The Ismailis become a separate Shi'a sect when they dispute the succession after the death of the sixth imam
The Arabs get a foothold in Sicily and begin a slow process, not complete till AD 965, of squeezing the Byzantines out of the island
A Muslim dynasty is established at Gao, on the Niger
Turks from Ghazni, raiding into northwest India, renew the pressure of Islam on the subcontinent
Mahmud of Ghazni marches an army across an Indian desert to destroy a great temple at Somnath, killing - it is said - some 50,000 Hindus
Islam reaches Kanem-Bornu, a joint kingdom encompassing the eastern and western shores of Lake Chad
A Muslim dynasty is established at Kilwa, on the east African coast
Toledo is captured from the Muslims by Alfonso VI of Castile, who continues the city's traditions of religious tolerance
Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants
Saladin deposes the Fatimid caliph and brings Egypt back to orthodoxy, acknowledging the rule of the Sunni caliph in Baghdad
The Muslim garrison of Acre surrenders to Richard I, who orders the massacre of 2700 of its members
Frederick II, leader of the sixth crusade, briefly recovers Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiating with the Muslims
Islam replaces Christianity as the religion of the kings of Dongola, in present-day Sudan
A Muslim ruler is established in Malacca, forming the first of many Muslim dynasties in the Malay archipelago
Mehmed II and the Ottoman Turks conquer Bosnia, where a large number of noble families convert to Islam
Bayazid II, the Turkish sultan, makes a special point of welcoming in Istanbul the Jews expelled from Spain
The last Abbasid caliph, captured by the Ottoman Turks, is taken as a prisoner to Istanbul - ending the authentic line of 'successors' to Muhammad
From Bosnia to Egypt and Arabia, the Ottoman Turks now rule the largest Muslim empire since the early caliphate - and will frequently use the title of caliph to assert their authority within Sunni Islam
