istoryworld
Events relating to europe
Danish architect Jørn Utzon wins the competition to design Sydney Opera House
French critic Roland Barthes develops in Mythologies the theory of semiotics, relating to signs and symbols
De Valera takes stringent measures against the IRA and Sinn Fein, detaining activists in an internment camp
Kwame Nkrumah leads the Gold Coast into independence under a name of historic resonance, Ghana
Fred Hoyle, William Fowler, and Margaret and Geoffrey Burbidge explain stellar nucleosynthesis
The Hawk in the Rain is English author Ted Hughes' first volume of poems
Six founding nations (Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, West Germany) establish the European Economic Community (EEC)
The FNLA is established, with US support, as a guerrilla group to fight for a non-communist independent Angola
Nikita Khrushchev's position in the Soviet Communist party is secure after the failure of a plot to remove him
Polish-born British composer Andrzej Panufnik wins an international reputation with his Sinfonia elegiaco
The publication of the novel Justine launches Lawrence Durrell's Alexandria Quartet
Spanish-born Paris designer Cristóbal Balenciaga produces an ostensibly shapeless garment, the 'sack', that greatly excites the world of fashion
David Lean directs William Holden, Alec Guinness and Jack Hawkins in The Bridge on the River Kwai
English author John Braine publishes his first novel, Room at the Top
English author Stevie Smith publishes her collection of poems Not Waving but Drowning
Laurence Olivier brings the music-hall artist Archie Rice vibrantly to life in John Osborne's The Entertainer
The USSR launches Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite
Swedish director Ingmar Bergman's film The Seventh Seal wins the Jury Prize at Cannes
Christian Dior dies and is followed by Yves St Laurent as head designer at the famous fashion house
Boris Pasternak's only novel, Doctor Zhivago, is first published in an Italian translation
The Russian spacecraft Sputnik II puts into space a living creature, the dog Laika
Harold Macmillan's chancellor, Peter Thoneycroft, and his entire treasury team resign when he overrules them on economic policy
The cartoonist Vicky depicts Harold Macmillan as Supermac in London's Evening Standard
Eight members of the Manchester United football team die in an air crash when flying back to England from Belgrade via Munich
Lynn Seymour creates the first of many roles for MacMillan, dancing the Adolescent in The Burrow
