Events relating to europe

Graham Greene's novel The Quiet American is set in contemporary Vietnam and foresees troubles ahead

Thomas Mann publishes a longer but still incomplete version of his novel Confessions of Felix Krull, Confidence Man

Konrad Adenauer negotiates the release of the last 10,000 German prisoners of war held in the USSR

English poet Philip Larkin finds his distinctive voice in his collection The Less Deceived

British dancer Joan Benesh and her husband Rudolf develop the Benesh system of dance notation

Archaeologists at Olympia excavate the workshop of the Greek classical sculptor Phidias

British philologist J.R.R. Tolkien publishes the third and final volume of his epic fantasy The Lord of the Rings

The Sudan, declining the opportunity of union with Egypt, opts for independence as a separate state

Brigitte Bardot is directed by her husband Roger Vadim in his first film, And God Created Woman

Nikita Khrushchev denounces Stalin, dead now for three years, at a party congress in the USSR

Tunisia wins independence from France, with Habib Bourguiba as prime minister

French Morocco and Spanish Morocco win independence from the two colonial powers

English poet Ted Hughes marries US poet Sylvia Plath

After a plebiscite British Togo is merged with the neighbouring colony of the Gold Coast

Russian dancer Galina Ulanova proves a sensation on tour in Europe and the USA in her late forties

The USA and Britain withdraw their offer of financial aid for Nasser's Aswan dam

Sicilian author Giuseppe de Lampedusa completes his novel The Leopard, but does not live to see it published

John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger features in the first season of London's new English Stage Company

Students are fired on in Budapest when protesting against repressive Communist policies

Confronted by a popular uprising, Communist leaders in Hungary bring back the reformist prime minister Imre Nagy

Japanese novelist Yukio Mishima publishes The Temple of the Golden Pavilion

The ballet Spartacus, with music by Aram Khachaturian, has its premiere in Leningrad

Harold Macmillan tells a meeting in Bedford that 'most of our people have never had it so good'

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