All Events

With a victory at Tumusla Antonio José de Sucre liberates Upper Peru (the future Bolivia), the last Spanish stronghold in continental America

An act of 1825 authorises the building of a new Kingston Bridge, fifty yards upstream, which is designed by Edward Lapidge

Italian author Alessandro Manzoni begins publication (completed 1827) of his novel I Promessi Sposi ('The Betrothed')

Upper Peru declares independence as the republic of Bolivia, in honour of Simón Bolívar

Work begins on the 363-mile Erie Canal that will link the Hudson River to Lake Erie

The English socialist Robert Owen purchases New Harmony from the Rappists, to test his utopian theories in a new context

A December uprising in St Petersburg ends when troops fire on the crowd, but the 'Decembrists' become revolutionary martyrs

Turner sells Sandycombe Lodge after his father moves to Turner's central London house in Queen Anne Street. The buyer is Joseph Todd, a retired haberdasher of Clapham, who pays £500.

Pedro I, emperor of Brazil, inherits the throne of Portugal (as Pedro IV) but continues to rule from Brazil

17-year-old Felix Mendelssohn composes an overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream, amplifed with huge success eighteen years later

In James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans, Natty Bumppo sides with a Mohican chief

J.M.W. Turner paints two views of the terrace at Mortlake belonging to the Limes, for its owner William Moffatt

Scottish engineer Thomas Telford completes two suspension bridges in Wales, at Conwy and over the Menai Strait

The Turkish governor of Algiers, flicking at the French consul with his fly whisk, finds that he has provoked a French blockade and eventually invasion

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