Events relating to oman
Turkey, beset by troubles elsewhere, cedes to Italy her north African province of Libya
An Albanian uprising against the Ottoman empire is so successful that the Albanians are able to capture Skopje in Macedonia
By a prearranged plan Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia together launch the First Balkan War against Turkey
An armistice agreed between the Ottoman empire and three of the Balkan states ends the war in the Balkans
Bulgaria launches the Second Balkan War, in the end to the great detriment of Bulgarian interests
The Balkan states and the Ottoman empire agree an armistice in Bucharest, ending the Second Balkan War
A coup led by Enver Pasha brings the Young Turks to power in Istanbul
Vaughan Williams writes a romance for violin and orchestra, The Lark Ascending, inspired by George Meredith's poem of the same name
Calouste Gulbenkian earns his nickname – Mr Five Percent – from the share he receives for negotiating oil deals in the Ottoman empire
Germany and the Ottoman empire sign a secret treaty of alliance
Turkey, launching an attack on Russian ports in the Black Sea, enters the war on the German side
Russia declares war on the Ottoman empire
Britain and France declare war on the Ottoman empire
The Irish painter Jack Yeats develops a romantic Expressionist style, with a new interest in Celtic myth
from May - hundreds of thousands of Armenians die as the Turks forcibly remove them from their homelands
from July - the Russians advance through Turkish Armenia and push west into Anatolia as far as Trabzon
Sharif Hussein, the emir of Mecca, proclaims himself the leader of the Muslim world, thus launching an Arab revolt against the Ottoman empire
Romania, hoping for territorial gains from Hungary, joins the war on the side of the Allies
Bucharest, the capital of Romania, is captured by Austrian and Bulgarian forces
Countess Markiewicz, an Irish republican, is elected a member of Britain's House of Commons but refuses to take her seat
An armistice is signed between Turkey and the Allies on the warship Agamemnon in the Greek port of Mudros
The Swiss theologian Karl Barth publishes his influential Commentary on Romans, taking St Paul's epistle as his text
Lillian Gish stars as a Cockney girl in D.W. Griffith's inter-racial film romance Broken Blossoms, set in London's slums
Nancy Astor, as MP for Plymouth, becomes the first woman to take her seat in Britain's House of Commons
A punitive peace treaty, negotiated at Sèvres, is designed to dismember the Ottoman empire