istoryworld
All Events
Napoleon's first empress, Josephine, dies near Paris
Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden, in the Treaty of Kiel, following Bernadotte's successful Danish campaign
José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano
A cold February freezes the Thames and makes possible the last of London's famous frost fairs
The Russian emperor and the Prussian king take a salute in the Champs Elysées after the allies capture Paris
Francia becomes dictator of Paraguay and for the next 26 years seals his nation off from the rest of the world
Napoleon abdicates at Fontainebleau and the French senate invites Louis XVIII to return to reclaim his throne
English engineer George Stephenson builds his first locomotive, the Blucher, and runs it at the Killingworth colliery
Ferdinand VII, restored to Spain, imposes a reactionary regime and persecutes his liberal opponents
Beethoven's Mass in D (the Missa Solemnis) has its first performance in Vienna, though still incomplete
The final version of Beethoven's opera Fidelio has its premiere in Vienna
Napoleon goes into exile on the island of Elba, which he immediately treats as a miniature state in need of improvement
The Spanish recapture Caracas, after which Bolívar moves southwest to advance on Bogotá, now held again by the Spanish
Spanish forces at Rancagua defeat a Chilean army commanded by Bernardo O'Higgins, who escapes across the Andes into Argentina
Bolívar recaptures Bogotá from the recently returned Spanish troops
The crowned heads of Europe and their representatives gather in Vienna to tidy up the post-Napoleonic continent
Robert Peel, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces a police force soon known as the 'Peelers'
The Jesuit Order is restored by Pius VII on his return to Rome
The Times, England's oldest daily newspaper, becomes the first to print on a steam press
British forces enter Washington, burning the Capitol and the president's new house
US lawyer Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner after seeing the British bombard Fort McHenry
The Rappists establish a second American community, this time in Indiana, calling it New Harmony
The Custom House burns, just upstream of the Tower of London
Britain and the United States sign the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812
English chemist Humphry Davy invents a safety lamp that shields the naked flame and prevents explosions in mines
