Events relating to religion

Torquemada persuades Ferdinand and Isabella to expel from Spain all Jews (about 160,000) who will not convert to Christianity

Rodrigo Borgia, elected pope as Alexander VI, already has four illegitimate children and possibly sires three more while pope

Savonarola, in the carnival before Lent, urges the people of Florence to throw playing cards and lewd images on a great bonfire of vanities

The Florentine mob, weary of puritanism, attacks the convent of San Marco and drags Savonarola away to be hanged and burnt

Nanak, the first of the Sikh gurus, takes to the road as a wandering teacher

The original ghetto is established as a district to which the Jews of Venice are confined

Erasmus publishes an influential edition of the New Testament in its original Greek

The local sale of indulgences by Johann Tetzel outrages a friar teaching in Wittenberg, Martin Luther

Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the door of the castle church in Wittenberg

Philipp Melanchthon joins the Wittenberg university to teach Greek and inspires Luther to translate the New Testament

Europe's new printing presses make possible the first pamphlet war, spreading instant arguments for and against the Reformation

Luther bears witness to a Protestant conscience, stating at Worms: 'Here I stand, I can not do otherwise.'

Ignatius of Loyola, recovering from a wound received as a soldier at Pamplona, is inspired by reading the lives of the saints

Outlawed by the Edict of Worms, Luther lives secretly in the Wartburg as Junker Georg

William Tyndale studies in the university at Wittenberg and plans to translate the Bible into English

Luther, a former friar, marries Catherine von Bora, a former nun who has just emerged from her convent

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