John Wycliffe, writing mainly in Oxford, is critical of the contemporary church and can find no basis for the pope's authority

The papal curia returns to Rome in what would seem a conclusive move if there were not, two years later, two popes - one of them elected back in Avignon

The French cardinals, objecting to the new Italian pope, elect their own man as Clement VII - and thus inaugurate the Great Schism of the papacy

Jogaila, baptized a Roman Catholic before marrying Jadwiga, brings Lithuania into the Christian fold - the last part of Europe to be converted

The followers of Wycliffe, after his death, become known as Lollards or 'mutterers'

John Huss, known for his radical approach to Christianity, is put in charge of the Bethlehem Chapel in Prague

The Council at Pisa elects a new pope, Alexander V, without persuading the other two to resign - bringing the total to an unprecedented three

A council is called at Constance, to consider the radical views of John Huss and to deal with the present excess of popes

John Huss, invited to Constance under a promise of safe conduct, is arrested, tried and burnt at the stake as a heretic

The Council of Constance, having done its best to dispose of the three existing popes, elects a new one - Martin V

A peasant girl, Joan of Arc, hears the voices of saints urging her to relieve the siege of Orléans

Joan of Arc wins her way into the presence of Charles VII at Chinon and persuades him, eventually, to trust her

Joan of Arc leads French forces in the successful relief of Orléans

Joan of Arc stands nearby while Charles VII is anointed at Reims, then kneels before him and for the first time calls him her king

Joan of Arc is captured in a skirmish with the Burgundians, who subsequently hand her over to the English

Joan of Arc, tried by the Inquisition on behalf of the English in Rouen, is burned at the stake as a relapsed heretic

The Compacts of Prague, agreed with the papacy in 1433, allow the Hussite laity to receive the sacrament in both kinds

The French clergy pass a resolution at Bourges, limiting the power of the papacy within France, which is adopted by the king as a 'pragmatic sanction'

Florence acquires first-hand experience of Greek culture when Greek Orthodox priests join in a debate on theology, in particular the question of Filioque

A Muslim ruler is established in Malacca, forming the first of many Muslim dynasties in the Malay archipelago

The most sacred of the Inca divinities, Punchao, is symbolized by a great golden disc representing the sun

With Constantinople in Turkish hands, Moscow begins to see itself as the centre of Orthodox Christianity - or the third Rome

Tomas de Torquemada, from a family of converted Jews, is appointed Spain's first Grand Inquisitor

When the enlarged pyramid at Tenochtitlan is dedicated to Huitzilopochtli, the Aztec sacrifice of human victims lasts for four days

Savonarola, the new prior of San Marco, is a stern critic of both the pope in Rome and the Medici in Florence