istoryworld
Events relating to religion
The murder of the pope's legate to Toulouse provokes the Albigensian crusade, which aims to wipe out the Catharist heresy
St Francis and eleven companions tell Innocent III of their wish for a life of holy poverty in the bustle of the towns
Participants in the Children's Crusade suffer disaster after the waters of the Mediterranean fail to part for them
St Dominic and his companions tell Innocent III of their wish to teach and preach in the bustle of the towns
The Dominicans are formally established by Pope Honorius III as Ordo Fratrum Praedicatorum, the Order of the Friars Preachers
St Francis of Assisi joins a crusading army in Egypt and attempts to convert the sultan Melek-el-Kamel and his followers to Christianity
The Franciscans are formally established by Honorius III as Ordo Fratrum Minorum, the Order of the Friars Minor
Frederick II, leader of the sixth crusade, briefly recovers Jerusalem for the Christians by negotiating with the Muslims
Gregory IX sends Dominican friars to root out the remains of the Catharist heresy in France, thus launching the Inquisition
The siege of the Catharist stronghold of Montségur ends when 200 heretics are herded into a wooden stockade and are burnt
A huge bronze sculpture, known as Daibutsu and cast in Kamakura, depicts Amida, the Amitabha Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism
Construction begins of two basilicas, one above the other on a hillside in Assisi, in memory of St Francis
Pope Alexander IV establishes a third order of preaching friars, the Augustinians
The new Mameluke dynasty in Egypt begins a systematic campaign to drive the Crusaders out of the Middle East
The classical work of the Kabbalah, the Zohar, is almost certainly the work of the Spanish Kabbalist Moses de Leon
The Jews in England are driven out of the country, soon to be followed by those in France
In the space of a few months the Muslims take the last four crusader castles, Tyre, Sidon, Acre and finally Beirut
Boniface VIII declares a Jubilee or Holy Year, with plenary indulgences for pilgrims who make their way to Rome
Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon, in a move which is expected to be temporary but which lasts for nearly seventy years
Fifty-four Knights Templars are burned at the stake, during the campaign of the French king to destroy the order
Islam replaces Christianity as the religion of the kings of Dongola, in present-day Sudan
Moscow acquires new prestige when the metropolitan (or patriarch) of the Russian Orthodox church moves his residence from Vladimir
A friar, who has failed to find Prester John in the east, publishes a book proving that the fabulous king lives in Ethiopia
The first Dalai Lama dies in 1338 and is discovered to have been reincarnated in a boy born in 1340
Massacres of Jews, rumoured to have caused the Black Death by poisoning wells, begin in southern France and spread through much of Europe
