Events relating to christianity

The treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji grants Russia special rights in relation to the Christian Holy Places under Ottoman control

Joseph II passes an Edict of Toleration, for the first time allowing Protestant worship in Habsburg territories

A second great revivalist movement sweeps northeast America, inspired by the earlier example of Jonathan Edwards

A secret Protestant group, the Orange Society, is formed in Co. Armagh to resist Irish nationalism

Napoleon mends France's fences with Roman Catholicism by agreeing a Concordat with Pope Pius VII

Napoleon annexes the Papal States and is excommunicated by the pope, Pius VII

Napoleon, in response to his excommunication, has pope Pius VII arrested and kept in captivity in northern Italy and then France

The rulers of Russia, Prussia and Austria form a Holy Alliance to preserve their concept of a Christian Europe

The Emancipation Act, enabling Daniel O'Connell to take his seat at Westminster, at last removes the restrictions on Catholics in UK public life

Evangelical preacher Charles Grandison Finney leads a new wave of revivalism in the northeastern states

In his Divinity School Address, delivered at Harvard, Ralph Waldo Emerson criticizes formal religion and gives priority to personal spiritual experience

The Young Men's Christian Association is founded in London by British drapery assistant George Williams

The first American branch of the Young Men's Christian Association is established in Boston

France demands that Turkey should end Russia's exclusive control of the Christian Holy Places in the Ottoman empire

Antoinette Brown becomes the first female to be ordained a minister in the USA, in the First Congregational Church in South Butler, NY

Pope Pius IX issues a papal bull declaring that the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary is to be an article of faith for Catholics

David Livingstone urges upon a Cambridge audience the high ideal of taking 'commerce and Christianity' into Africa

Pope Pius IX includes socialism, civil marriage and secular education among eighty modern errors listed in his Syllabus

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