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| c. 2000 BC |
| | | Trade is carried on from Crete round the Mediterranean as far west as Sicily and in the east down to Egypt | |
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| c. 700 BC |
| | | The island of Sicily is colonized from the eastern Mediterranean by both Phoenicians and Greeks | |
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| 409 BC |
| | | A Carthaginian army lands near Marsala to begin the long involvement of Carthage in Sicily | |
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| 264 BC |
| | | A clash in Sicily, between Rome and Carthage, leads to the First Punic War | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | A Roman naval victory at Trapani, off the northwest tip of Sicily, completes the blockade of the Carthaginians and ends the First Punic War | |
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| 241 BC |
| | | At the end of the First Punic War, Sicily becomes Rome's first overseas province | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | Roman mosaic is at its most lavish in the floors of Piazza Armerina, in central Sicily | |
|  | Piazza Armerina, Sicily
Fotofile CG
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| 535 |
| | | Belisarius lands in Sicily at the start of a five-year campaign to recover Ravenna for the Byzantine emperor | |
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| 827 |
| | | The Arabs get a foothold in Sicily and begin a slow process, not complete till AD 965, of squeezing the Byzantines out of the island | |
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| 1091 |
| | | Roger I, the first Norman count of Sicily, completes the conquest of the island from the Muslims | |
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