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| c. 500 BC |
| | | The Lapps, hunters of reindeer, have Scandinavia to themselves before the arrival of Germanic tribes | |
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| c. 50 |
| | | Tribes speaking Finno-Ugric languages are by now settled around the northeast of the Baltic, in modern Estonia and Finland | |
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| c. 650 |
| | | The Vikings develop the fast and narrow longships with which they raid across the North Sea | |
|  | Viking ship
Fotofile CG
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| c. 800 |
| | | Beowulf, the first great work of Germanic literature, mingles the legends of Scandinavia with the experience in England of Angles and Saxons | |
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| 811 |
| | | Hemming, a Danish king, makes a treaty with the Franks establishing the river Eider as the southern border of Denmark | |
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| c. 850 |
| | | Communal gatherings, the thing and the larger althing, are the distant origins of Scandivian parliaments | |
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| 874 |
| | | Vikings arrive in Iceland and form a settlement on the site of modern Rejkjavik | |
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| 930 |
| | | An althing of chieftains establishes the commonwealth of Iceland, which will survive for more than three centuries | |
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| c. 950 |
| | | The material of the Eddas, taking shape in Iceland, derives from earlier sources in Norway, Britain and Burgundy | |
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| c. 960 |
| | | Harald Bluetooth is baptized a Christian and unites the whole of Denmark as a single kingdom. | |
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