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| 753 BC |
| | | This year is later selected by Roman scholars as the date of the founding of Rome, becoming the first year (AUC 1) in Roman chronology | |
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| c. 550 BC |
| | | An Etruscan dynasty rules in Rome and Etruscan influence is now dominant throughout central Italy | |
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| 510 BC |
| | | According to legend, the Etruscans are driven from Rome by popular outrage after the rape of Lucretia by Sextus Tarquinius | |
|  | Etruscan sarcophagus
Fotofile CG
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| 510 BC |
| | | The Roman senate becomes an executive body with two of its members elected annually as consuls, or joint heads of state | |
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| 390 BC |
| | | Celtic tribes , pushing south through the Alps, reach Rome and sack the city | |
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| 312 BC |
| | | The first Roman road, the Via Appia, links Rome with Capua | |
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| c. 300 BC |
| | | Vesta, goddess of the hearth, is served in Rome by virgin priestesses who tend the sacred flame in her shrine | |
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| 264 BC |
| | | A clash in Sicily, between Rome and Carthage, leads to the First Punic War | |
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| 264 BC |
| | | The first gladiatorial contests in Rome are part of the entertainment at a funeral, and soon become popular | |
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| 260 BC |
| | | A Carthaginian quinquereme, captured by the Romans, is used as the model for the first Roman fleet - constructed in two months | |
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