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| c. 5000 BC |
| | | Squash and chili are the first plants to be cultivated in America, in the Tehuácan valley in modern Mexico | |
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| c. 1500 BC |
| | | The Maya are believed to have lived in the same region from about 1500 BC to the present day - America's longest example of continuity | |
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| c. 1200 BC |
| | | San Lorenzo develops as the first centre of America's earliest civilization, that of the Olmecs | |
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | Massive stone heads carved by the Olmecs provide a dramatic beginning to the story of American sculpture | |
|  | La Venta, giant head
Photograph Beryl Pethick
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| c. 1000 BC |
| | | The Olmecs raise large clay platforms, probably with temples at the top, beginning the long American tradition of sacred pyramids | |
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| c. 900 BC |
| | | La Venta replaces San Lorenzo as the capital city and cultural centre of the Olmecs | |
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| c. 600 BC |
| | | An Olmec sculptor creates the piece known today as the Wrestler | |
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| c. 400 BC |
| | | The Zapotecs create a great city at Monte Alban, continuing the Olmec culture | |
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| c. 150 BC |
| | | The earliest inscriptions in an American script are those of the Zapotecs, from about this period | |
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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Maya independently develop the concept of place value in numbers, previously pioneered in Babylon | |
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