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| 1776 |
| | Buenos Aires rather than Asunción is chosen to be capital of the new Spanish viceroyalty of La Plata | |
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| 1810 |
| | After a public meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentinians set up an autonomous local government in opposition to Spanish forces | |
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| 1814 |
| | José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano | |
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| 1814 |
| | Spanish forces at Rancagua defeat a Chilean army commanded by Bernardo O'Higgins, who escapes across the Andes into Argentina | |
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| 1816 |
| | The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king | |
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| 1820 |
| | The newly independent republic of Argentina takes possession of Las Islas Malvinas (the Falklands) | |
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| 1828 |
| | The independence of Uruguay is agreed in the Treaty of Montevideo between Brazil and Argentina | |
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| 1833 |
| | Britain ejects the Argentinians from the Falklands and begins the process of settlement with British farmers | |
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| 1835 |
| | Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes dictator of Argentina and imposes a brutally repressive conservative regime | |
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| 1852 |
| | In an Argentinian civil war, Urquiza defeats the dictator Rosas and is subsequently elected president (in 1854) | |
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