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| c. 1600 |
| | | The Yoruba develop an extensive empire centred on Oyo in southern Nigeria | |
|  | Beaded crown of a Yoruba ruler
Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Exeter
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| 1600 |
| | | William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth, concludes that the earth is a magnet and coins the term 'magnetic pole' | |
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| 1600 |
| | | A performance in the Oratory in Rome, with music by Emilio de' Cavalieri, is in effect the first oratorio | |
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| 1600 |
| | | Britain's East India Company is established when Elizabeth I grants a charter to a 'Company of Merchants trading into the East Indies' | |
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| 1600 |
| | | Electricity is given its name (in the Latin phrase vis electrica) by the English physician, William Gilbert | |
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| 1601 |
| | | Shakespeare's central character in Hamlet expresses both the ideals of the Renaissance and the disillusion of a less confident age | |
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| 1602 |
| | | The Dutch East India Company is founded, with a tax-free monopoly of the eastern trade for twenty-one years | |
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| 1603 March 23 |
| | | Queen Elizabeth I dies at the age of 69 in Richmond Palace | |
|  | The last known letter of Elizabeth I, 1603
National Archives, Kew
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| 1603 |
| | | Geneva wins independence from the duchy of Savoy, in the treaty of St Julien, after repelling a midnight assault on the city | |
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| 1603 |
| | | The warlord Tokugawa Ieyasu is awarded the title of shogun, beginning nearly three centuries of the Tokugawa shogunate | |
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