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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1814 |
| | | Beethoven's Mass in D (the Missa Solemnis) has its first performance in Vienna, though still incomplete | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The final version of Beethoven's opera Fidelio has its premiere in Vienna | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Napoleon's first empress, Josephine, dies near Paris | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Napoleon goes into exile on the island of Elba, which he immediately treats as a miniature state in need of improvement | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The Spanish recapture Caracas, after which Bolívar moves southwest to advance on Bogotá, now held again by the Spanish | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Spanish forces at Rancagua defeat a Chilean army commanded by Bernardo O'Higgins, who escapes across the Andes into Argentina | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Bolívar recaptures Bogotá from the recently returned Spanish troops | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The crowned heads of Europe and their representatives gather in Vienna to tidy up the post-Napoleonic continent | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Robert Peel, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces a police force soon known as the 'Peelers' | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The Jesuit Order is restored by Pius VII on his return to Rome | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The Times, England's oldest daily newspaper, becomes the first to print on a steam press | |
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| 1814 |
| | | British forces enter Washington, burning the Capitol and the president's new house | |
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| 1814 |
| | | US lawyer Francis Scott Key writes The Star-Spangled Banner after seeing the British bombard Fort McHenry | |
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| 1814 |
| | | The Rappists establish a second American community, this time in Indiana, calling it New Harmony | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Britain and the United States sign the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812 | |
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| 1815 |
| | | English chemist Humphry Davy invents a safety lamp that shields the naked flame and prevents explosions in mines | |
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| 1815 |
| | | American volunteers under Andrew Jackson defeat British regulars near New Orleans, two weeks after peace has been agreed at Ghent | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Napoleon slips away from Elba with a fleet of small vessels and lands on the coast of France | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Napoleon reaches Paris, already accompanied by an enthusiastic regiment that has joined him on his journey north | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Scottish engineer John McAdam builds the first macadamized road, in the Bristol region of southwest England | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Brazil is given equal standing with Portugal, forming together the Kingdom of Portugal and Brazil | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The English and Prussian generals Wellington and Blücher defeat Napoleon in a closely fought battle at Waterloo | |
|  | Sketch map of the positions of the armies at Waterloo
National Archives, Kew
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| 1815 |
| | | The first news of the victory at Waterloo is given to the British government by a private citizen, Nathan Mayer Rothschild | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The rulers of Russia, Prussia and Austria form a Holy Alliance to preserve their concept of a Christian Europe | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The congress of Vienna establishes a Confederation of the German States, now reduced in number to thirty-five | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Napoleon, held on a British warship off Torquay and hoping now to live in Britain, becomes an instant tourist attraction | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Poland becomes a kingdom of very limited independence, since the Russian tsar Alexander I is to be its king | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The congress of Vienna leaves the Cape of Good Hope in British hands | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The Spanish suppress the independence movement in Mexico with the capture and execution of its leader, Jose Maria Morelos | |
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| 1815 |
| | | The Spanish recover Bogotá yet again and Bolívar flees into exile in Jamaica | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Wellington is presented with a twice-life-size nude marble statue, by Canova, of his vanquished enemy Napoleon | |
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| 1815 |
| | | English architect John Nash designs the exotic Royal Pavilion in Brighton for the Prince Regent | |
|  | Royal Pavilion, Brighton
Fotofile CG
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| 1815 |
| | | Jacques-Louis David, unmistakably identified as Napoleon's painter, is banished from France after the fall of the emperor and moves to Brussels | |
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| 1815 |
| | | Napoleon is sent to a more secure place of exile, the rocky Atlantic island of St Helena | |
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| 1816 |
| | | Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville has its premiere in Rome | |
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| 1816 |
| | | Robert Finley, a US anti-slavery campaigner, founds the American Colonization Society to settle freed slaves in Africa | |
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| 1816 |
| | | Shaka wins control of the Zulu and begins to build them into a formidable military machine | |
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| 1816 |
| | | René Laënnec, reluctant to press his ear to the chest of a young female patient, finds a solution in the stethoscope | |
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| 1816 |
| | | The independence of Argentina is formally proclaimed, dropping any pretence of remaining loyal to the Spanish king | |
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| 1816 |
| | | The British establish Bathurst (now Banjul) at the mouth of the Gambia as a base against the slave trade | |
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| 1816 |
| | | Republican candidate James Monroe wins the US presidential election by a wide margin | |
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| 1816 |
| | | London's first iron bridge is completed at Vauxhall | |
|  | Vauxhall Bridge, 1820
Guildhall Library
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| 1817 |
| | | US poet William Cullen Bryant publishes Thanatopsis, written seven years previously at the age of 16 | |
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| 1817 |
| | | San Martín and O'Higgins lead an army through the Andes into Chile and capture Santiago | |
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| 1817 |
| | | An informal financial market on Wall Street is transformed into the New York Stock and Exchange Board | |
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| 1817 |
| | | O'Higgins is elected the 'supreme director' of independent Chile after San Martín declines the post | |
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| 1817 |
| | | British officers, hoping to shoot a tiger, come across the forgotten Buddhist caves of Ajanta | |
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| 1817 |
| | | German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer observes and draws dark lines in the solar spectrum | |
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| 1817 |
| | | Bolívar returns to Venezuela and builds up an army of liberation in a remote region up the Orinoco | |
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| 1817 |
| | | Bernardo O'Higgins introduces liberal reforms in Chile, reducing the privileges of aristocracy and church | |
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| 1817 |
| | | On the death of Princess Charlotte, not one of seven princes has an heir to succeed to the British throne in the next generation | |
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| 1817 |
| | | Andrew Jackson, attacking settlements in Spanish Florida, launches the first of three wars against the Seminole Indians | |
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| 1818 |
| | | Percy Bysshe Shelley publishes probably his best-known poem, the sonnet Ozymandias | |
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| 1818 |
| | | The 49th parallel is agreed as the frontier between the USA and Canada | |
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| 1818 |
| | | The first Reform congregation within Judaism is established in Germany, in the Hamburg Temple | |
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| 1818 |
| | | A leader of the Ismaili sect is granted, by the shah of Persia, the hereditary title of Aga Khan | |
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| 1818 |
| | | The king of Prussia, Frederick William III, makes a bid for German leadership by turning his extensive lands into a custom-free zone (Zollverein) | |
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| 1818 |
| | | Thomas Cochrane arrives in Valparaiso to take command of the Chilean navy | |
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| 1818 |
| | | In The World as Will and Idea Schopenhauer develops the bleakest possible view of the effects of the human will | |
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| 1818 |
| | | Two of Jane Austen's novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, are published in the year after her death | |
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| 1818 |
| | | Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, a Gothic tale about giving life to an artificial man | |
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| 1819 |
| | | The Sikh maharajah of the Punjab, Ranjit Singh, conquers Kashmir, beginning a century and a half of Sikh dominance in the region | |
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| 1819 |
| | | William Cobbett brings back to England the bones of Thomas Paine, who died in the USA in 1809 | |
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| 1819 |
| | | Spain sells Florida to the USA for $5 million, in return for the waiving of any American claim to Texas | |
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