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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1812 |
| | | The Spanish authorities recover control of Venezuela, ending the region's first brief spell of independence | |
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| 1812 |
| | | The Spanish Cortes in Cadiz produces a strikingly liberal new constitution for Spain | |
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| 1812 |
| | | The British capture Detroit in an early engagement of the War of 1812 | |
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| 1812 |
| | | The US frigate Constitution, affectionately known as 'Old Ironsides', wins successes against British warships in the Atlantic | |
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| 1812 |
| | | The Russian army under Marshal Kutuzov confronts the advancing French at Borodino, and though defeated makes a successful withdrawal | |
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| 1812 |
| | | After victory at Borodino, Napoleon enters Moscow to find the city abandoned and burning | |
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| 1812 |
| | | The first two cantos are published of Byron's largely autobiographical poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, bringing him immediate fame | |
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| 1812 |
| | | Napoleon begins the retreat from Moscow, in arctic conditions and harried by guerrilla attacks | |
|  | Napoleon on the retreat from Moscow, after painting by Delort
Mary Evans Picture Library
Enlarge on linked site
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| 1812 |
| | | Napoleon arrives back in Paris ahead of the remains of his army, after losing half a million men in the Russian campaign | |
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| c. 1813 |
| | | William Hedley's Puffing Billy, the first steam locomotive running on smooth rails, goes to work at Wylam colliery | |
|  | Wylam Dilly
Royal Museum of Scotland
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| 1813 |
| | | Simon Bolívar publishes the Manisfesto de Cartagena, calling on the citizens of New Granada to unite and expel the Spaniards | |
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| 1813 |
| | | The king of Prussia, Frederick William III, changes sides and declares war on France | |
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| 1813 |
| | | American forces push north into Canada and enter York (the modern Toronto), burning the parliament buildings and archives | |
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| 1813 |
| | | The Turks recapture Belgrade and sell thousands of Serb women and children into slavery | |
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| 1813 |
| | | Wellington defeats Napoleon's brother Joseph at Vitoria, and captures his valuable baggage train | |
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| c. 1813 |
| | | Quaker philanthopist Elizabeth Fry, appalled by the condition of female prisoners in London's Newgate gaol, begins campaigning on their behalf | |
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| 1813 |
| | | In a treaty with Russia and Prussia at Reichenbach, Austria agrees to declare war on France | |
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| 1813 |
| | | Bolívar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and is welcomed in Caracas as the Liberator | |
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| 1813 |
| | | The nickname Uncle Sam, supposedly based on the initials US, has its first recorded use in an issue of the Troy Post | |
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| 1813 |
| | | American warships win a victory over the British on Lake Erie, strengthening the US presence in the Great Lakes | |
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| 1813 |
| | | Rebels meeting for a conference in Chilpancingo proclaim a short-lived Mexican independence | |
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| 1813 |
| | | The head of the house of Orange becomes, for the first time, the sovereign prince of the Netherlands | |
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| 1813 |
| | | Tecumseh is killed fighting for the British against General Harrison east of Detroit in the Battle of the Thames | |
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| 1813 |
| | | Wellington crosses the Bidassoa river in the north of Spain, bringing an enemy army on to French soil for the first time in twenty years | |
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| 1813 |
| | | The allies inflict a heavy defeat on Napoleon at Leipzig, in the so-called Battle of the Nations | |
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| 1813 |
| | | Pride and Prejudice, based on a youthful work of 1797 called First Impressions, is the second of Jane Austen's novels to be published | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden, in the Treaty of Kiel, following Bernadotte's successful Danish campaign | |
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| 1814 |
| | | José San Martín becomes commander of the patriot army of Argentina, replacing Manuel Belgrano | |
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| 1814 |
| | | A cold February freezes the Thames and makes possible the last of London's famous frost fairs | |
|  | Frost fair on the Thames, watercolour, 1814
Guildhall Library
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| 1814 |
| | | The Russian emperor and the Prussian king take a salute in the Champs Elysées after the allies capture Paris | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Francia becomes dictator of Paraguay and for the next 26 years seals his nation off from the rest of the world | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Napoleon abdicates at Fontainebleau and the French senate invites Louis XVIII to return to reclaim his throne | |
|  | Peace celebration fair in Hyde Park, 1814
Guildhall Library
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| 1814 |
| | | English engineer George Stephenson builds his first locomotive, the Blucher, and runs it at the Killingworth colliery | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Ferdinand VII, restored to Spain, imposes a reactionary regime and persecutes his liberal opponents | |
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