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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1808 |
| | | Napoleon transfers his brother Joseph Bonaparte from the throne of Naples to that of Spain | |
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| 1808 |
| | | Napoleon gives the throne of Naples, vacated by his brother Joseph, to Joachim Murat | |
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| 1808 |
| | | The German-born US entrepreneur John Jacob Astor establishes the American Fur Company | |
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| 1808 |
| | | Louis-Napoleon, the future Napoleon III, is born in Paris, the son of Napoleon's brother Louis and of Josephine's daughter Hortense | |
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| 1808 |
| | | Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa set up a permanent base in Indiana, calling it Prophetstown | |
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| 1808 |
| | | The French capture of Madrid provokes a British response and the resulting Peninsular War | |
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| 1808 |
| | | An uprising in Madrid, brutally put down by the French, is vividly depicted by the Spanish painter Goya | |
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| 1808 |
| | | The Portuguese royal family and their entourage arrive in Rio de Janeiro | |
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| 1808 |
| | | Russia, after winning much of Finland from Sweden during the previous century, invades again in 1808 | |
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| 1808 |
| | | A British army under Arthur Wellesley (later duke of Wellington) defeats the French at Vimeiro, near Lisbon | |
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| 1808 |
| | | The Shakers define their Millennial laws in the Testimony of Christ's Second Appearing | |
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| 1808 |
| | | Beethoven's sixth symphony (the Pastoral) has its first performance in Vienna | |
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| 1808 |
| | | Republican candidate James Madison wins the US presidential election, defeating Federalist Charles Cotesworth Pinckney | |
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| 1809 |
| | | The British impose the so-called Hottentot Code, protecting Africans at the Cape but also tying them to employers' farms | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Klemens von Metternich becomes foreign minister to the Austrian emperor Francis II | |
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| 1809 |
| | | The Treaty of Fort Wayne is the climax of seven years in which William Henry Harrison has acquired millions of acres from the American Indians | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Washington Irving uses the fictional Dutch scholar Diedrich Knickerbocker as the supposed author of his comic History of New York | |
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| 1809 |
| | | With acts of defiance in Sucre, Bolivia becomes the first American province to rebel against the Spanish authorities | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Ranjit Singh, maharaja of the Punjab, agrees an eastern boundary between himself and the British in the Treaty of Amritsar | |
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| 1809 |
| | | British commander Arthur Wellesley builds the lines of Torres Vedras, to defend the promontory leading south to Lisbon | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon annexes the Papal States and is excommunicated by the pope, Pius VII | |
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| 1809 |
| | | French chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac shows that when gases combine they do so in simple ratios by volume (later known as his Law of Combining Volumes) | |
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| 1809 |
| | | In the Treaty of Hamina (or Fredrikshamn), Sweden cedes Finland to Russia as an autonomous grand duchy | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon, in response to his excommunication, has pope Pius VII arrested and kept in captivity in northern Italy and then France | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon enters Vienna and defeats the Austrians in a battle at nearby Wagram | |
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| 1809 |
| | | French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck argues in Zoological Philosophy that creatures can inherit acquired characteristics | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon arranges to have his marriage to Josephine annulled so that he can marry the daughter of an emperor | |
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| 1809 |
| | | The Fulani establish a capital at Sokoto, from which they dominate the Hausa kingdoms of northern Nigeria | |
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| 1809 |
| | | John Moore dies at Corunna but his army escapes from Spain and gets back to England | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Rival British politicians Lord Castlereagh and George Canning fight a duel in which Canning is wounded | |
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| 1810 |
| | | Napoleon marries the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise, daughter of the emperor Francis I | |
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| 1810 |
| | | The reforming party in Spain become known as the Liberales, in the first political use of the term Liberal | |
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| 1810 |
| | | Simón Bolívar, a young officer in Caracas, takes part in a coup which wins control of Venezuela from the Spanish | |
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