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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1780 |
| | | An Indian uprising in Spanish Peru is led by a descendant of the Incas, Tupac Amaru II | |
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| c. 1780 |
| | | In developing the Haskalah, the German philosopher Moses Mendelssohn reconciles Judaism and the Enlightenment | |
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| 1780 |
| | | Six days of riot in London are triggered by Lord George Gordon leading a march to oppose any degree of Catholic emancipation | |
|  | Newgate Prison in the Gordon Riots, 1780
Guildhall Library
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| 1780 |
| | | The capture of British go-between John André yields proof that US general Benedict Arnold is in the pay of the British | |
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| 1780 |
| | | British army officer John André is executed in New York as a spy | |
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| c. 1780 |
| | | Japanese artist Kitagawa Utamaro is a master of colour woodcuts, often depicting the courtesan district of Edo | |
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| 1781 |
| | | Maryland, ratifies the Articles of Confederation (the last state to do so), completing 'the Confederation of the United States' | |
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| 1781 |
| | | William Herschel discovers Uranus, the first planet to be found by means of a telescope, and names it the Georgian star | |
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| 1781 |
| | | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, now 25, leaves Salzburg to settle in Vienna | |
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| 1781 |
| | | Joseph II passes an Edict of Toleration, for the first time allowing Protestant worship in Habsburg territories | |
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| 1781 |
| | | The Bank of North America is established by the Continental Congress to lend money to the fledgling Revolutionary government | |
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| 1781 |
| | | US poet Philip Freneau describes in The British Prison Ship the horrors of his experiences as a prisoner | |
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| 1781 |
| | | German philosopher Immanuel Kant publishes the first of his three 'critiques', The Critique of Pure Reason | |
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| 1781 |
| | | Ann Lee leads her Shaker colleagues in a missionary tour of New England lasting two years | |
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| 1781 |
| | | The reforming emperor Joseph II emancipates the serfs in the Habsburg territories | |
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| 1781 |
| | | The British general Charles Cornwallis, isolated at Yorktown, is forced to surrender in the final engagement of the Revolutionary War | |
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| 1782 |
| | | Italian sculptor Antonio Canova sets up his studio in Rome and begins producing finely modelled nudes in the Greek style | |
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| 1782 |
| | | Friedrich von Schiller's youthful and anarchic play The Robbers causes a sensation when performed in Mannheim | |
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| 1782 |
| | | The English actress Sarah Siddons, already well known in the province, causes a sensation when she appears in London at Drury Lane | |
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| 1782 |
| | | 12-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven publishes his first composition, Piano Variations on a March by Dressler | |
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| 1782 |
| | | French paper manufacturer Joseph Montgolfier sends a hot-air balloon 3000 feet (1000m) into the air, in front of a crowd in Annonay | |
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| c. 1783 |
| | | Some 40,000 Loyalists flee from British America to the previously French colonies, in particular Nova Scotia | |
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| 1783 |
| | | US lexicographer Noah Webster publishes a Spelling Book for American children that eventually will sell more than 60 million copies | |
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| 1783 |
| | | The empress Catherine the Great annexes the Crimean peninsula, giving Russia a presence in the Black Sea | |
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| 1783 |
| | | 20-year-old John Jacob Astor emigrates from Germany to America and sets up in the fur trade | |
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| 1783 |
| | | Ten days after the first human ascent in a hot-air balloon the feat is repeated, again in Paris, in a version lifted by hydrogen | |
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| 1783 |
| | | In the Treaty of Paris, negotiated by Adams, Franklin and Jay, the British government recognizes US independence | |
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| 1783 |
| | | Louis XVI watches through his telescope the first balloon flight with living passengers – a sheep, a cock and a duck | |
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| 1783 |
| | | A hot-air balloon rises from a Paris garden, carrying the first human aeronauts – Pilàtre de Rozier and the marquis d'Arlandes | |
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| 1783 |
| | | Jacques-Louis David, establishing a reputation with his severe classical paintings, is elected to the French academy | |
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| 1784 |
| | | Benjamin Franklin, irritated at needing two pairs of spectacles, commissions from a lens-grinder the first bifocals | |
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