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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1757 |
| | | Robert Adam returns to Britain after two years in Rome with a repertoire of classical themes which he mingles to form a new British neoclassicism | |
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| 1757 |
| | | William Pitt the Elder becomes secretary of state and transforms the British war effort against France in America | |
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| 1757 |
| | | English painter Joseph Wright sets up a studio in his home town, Derby | |
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| c. 1758 |
| | | Joshua Reynolds, by now the most fashionable portrait painter in London, copes with as many as 150 sitters in a year | |
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| 1758 |
| | | A comet returns exactly at the time predicted by English astronomer Edmond Halley, and is subsequently known by his name | |
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| 1758 |
| | | James Woodforde, an English country parson with a love of food and wine, begins a detailed diary of everyday life | |
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| 1758 |
| | | Liverpool-born artist George Stubbs sets up in London as a painter, above all, of people and horses | |
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| c. 1759 |
| | | Portrait-painter Thomas Gainsborough moves from Suffolk to set up a studio in fashionable Bath | |
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| 1759 |
| | | Voltaire publishes Candide, a satire on optimism prompted by the Lisbon earthquake of 1755 | |
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| 1759 |
| | | British general James Wolfe sails up the St Lawrence river with 15,000 men to besiege Quebec | |
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| 1759 |
| | | The Portuguese expel the Jesuits from Brazil, beginning a widespread reaction against the order in Catholic Europe | |
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| 1759 |
| | | Staffordshire potter Josiah Wedgwood sets up a factory of his own in his home town of Burslem | |
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| 1759 |
| | | Frederick the Great suffers his first major defeat, by a Russian and Austrian army at Kunersdorf | |
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| 1759 |
| | | Laurence Sterne publishes the first two volumes of Tristram Shandy, beginning with the scene at the hero's conception | |
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| 1759 |
| | | Wolfe defeats Montcalm and captures Quebec, but both commanders die in the engagement | |
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| 1759 |
| | | A British defeat of the French in Quiberon Bay prompts David Garrick to write Heart of Oak | |
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| 1759 |
| | | A succession of victories cause 1759 to be known in Britain as annus mirabilis, the wonderful year | |
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| c. 1760 |
| | | German painter Johann Zoffany moves to England to find work as a painter of conversation pieces and portraits | |
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| 1760 |
| | | On the death of his grandfather, George II, George III becomes king of Great Britain | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Joseph Haydn enters the service of the Esterházy family, and stays with them for twenty-nine years | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Scottish chemist and physicist Joseph Black observes the latent heat in melting ice | |
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| 1761 |
| | | Austrian physician Joseph Leopold Auenbrugger describes his new diagnostic technique – percussion, or listening to a patient's chest and tapping | |
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| 1761 |
| | | John Harrison's fourth chronometer is only five seconds out at the end of a test journey from England to Jamaica | |
|  | Harrison's 1st Marine Timekeeper
National Maritime Museum
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| 1761 |
| | | Italian anatomist Giovanni Battista Morgagni publishes De Sedibus, the work that introduces scientific pathology | |
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| 1761 |
| | | George Washington, the future president, inherits Mount Vernon from his half-brother Lawrence | |
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