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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1740 |
| | | Jack Broughton, champion of England, opens an academy to teach 'the mystery of boxing, that wholly British art' | |
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| 1740 |
| | | The Habsburg emperor Charles VI dies and is succeeded by his elder daughter, the 23-year-old Maria Theresa | |
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| 1740 |
| | | Frederick II, the king of Prussia, invades the neighbouring Habsburg province of Silesia, launching the War of the Austrian Succession | |
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| 1741 |
| | | The American Magazine and the General Magazine both begin a short-lived existence | |
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| 1741 |
| | | J.S. Bach publishes his set of Goldberg Variations, supposedly written for performance by the young harpsichordist Johann Gottlieb Goldberg | |
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| 1741 |
| | | Frederick's Prussian army defeats the Austrians at Mollwitz, securing his hold on most of Silesia | |
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| 1741 |
| | | American revivalism is inflamed by Jonathan Edwards' vivid sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God | |
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| 1741 |
| | | Venice's new theatre, the Teatro Novissimo, has machinery which can change the scenes in the blink of an eye | |
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| 1741 |
| | | French and Bavarian armies join the war against Austria, marching through upper Austria into Bohemia | |
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| 1741 |
| | | Spain, now an ally of France, joins in the war against Austria | |
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| 1741 |
| | | Britain, already fighting Spain (in the War of Jenkin's Ear), is drawn into the wider conflict as an ally of Austria | |
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| 1741 |
| | | French and Bavarian forces enter Prague, one of the most important cities in the Austrian empire | |
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| 1742 |
| | | An Austrian army captures the Bavarian capital city, Munich | |
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| 1742 |
| | | Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius proposes 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water | |
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| 1742 |
| | | Edmond Hoyle publishes the definitive rules of whist | |
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| 1743 |
| | | George II leads a British army to victory over the French at Dettingen | |
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| 1743 |
| | | Benjamin Franklin drafts in Philadelphia the founding document for the American Philosophical Society | |
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| 1744 |
| | | Muhammad ibn Saud begins the expansion of power that will lead eventually to the establishment of Saudi Arabia | |
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| 1744 |
| | | France formally declares war on Britain half way through the War of the Austrian Succession | |
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| 1744 |
| | | The Muslim reformer Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab makes an alliance with Muhammad ibn Saud, of significance to the later Saudi dynasty | |
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| 1744 |
| | | J.S. Bach publishes another set of 24 Preludes and Fugues, as an addition to his previous Well-Tempered Clavier | |
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| 1744 |
| | | Franklin publishes his design for an improved stove in Account of the New Invented Pennsylvania Fire Place | |
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| 1744 |
| | | Bad weather causes the French to abandon a plan to invade Britain with the Scottish pretender Charles Edward Stuart | |
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| 1745 |
| | | New England militiamen achieve an unexpected success in capturing the fortress of Louisbourg from the French | |
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| 1745 |
| | | Maurice de Saxe, with a French army including an Irish brigade, defeats British, Austrian and Dutch forces at Fontenoy | |
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