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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1680 |
| | | The Pueblo Indians of New Mexico rise against the Spanish, killing 21 missionaries and some 400 colonists | |
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| 1680 |
| | | John Bunyan publishes The Life and Death of Mr Badman, an allegory of a misspent life that is akin to a novel | |
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| c. 1680 |
| | | Ireland becomes the first European region in which the potato is an important food crop | |
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| 1680 |
| | | A comet intrigues Edmund Halley, who works out that it has been around before | |
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| 1681 |
| | | The Canal du Midi is completed in France, including at one point a 160-metre tunnel through high ground | |
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| 1681 |
| | | A professional ballet company in Paris introduces female dancers and the world's first prima ballerina, Mlle de Lafontaine | |
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| 1681 |
| | | Charles II grants William Penn the charter for the region that becomes Pennsylvania, in settlement of a debt to Penn's father | |
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| 1682 |
| | | John Bunyan publishes The Holy War, an allegory of the devil laying siege to the human soul | |
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| 1682 |
| | | Robert de la Salle travels down the Mississippi to its mouth and claims the entire region for France, naming it Louisiana | |
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| 1682 |
| | | William Penn approves the Great Law, allowing complete freedom of religious belief in Pennsylvania | |
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| 1682 |
| | | William Penn achieves peace for Pennsylvania by negotiating a treaty with the local Lenape (or Delaware) tribes | |
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| 1683 |
| | | The emperor, Leopold I, and his court abandon Vienna on the approach of a Turkish army | |
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| 1683 |
| | | Mennonites and other from Germany (later known as the Pennsylvania Dutch) begin to settle in Penn's liberal colony | |
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| 1683 |
| | | The Qing emperor orders all Chinese men to shave their heads, leaving only a long pigtail | |
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| 1683 |
| | | The Turks are driven from the walls of Vienna by the Polish king John Sobieski, in what proves a historic turning point | |
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| 1685 |
| | | James II succeeds to the throne in Britain and immediately introduces pro-Catholic policies | |
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| c. 1685 |
| | | Denis Papin, a French scientist working in England, demonstrates a pressure cooker fitted with a safety valve | |
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| 1685 |
| | | 400,000 Huguenots leave France after Louis XIV deprives them of their rights by revoking the Edict of Nantes | |
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| 1686 |
| | | English naturalist John Ray begins publication of his Historia Plantarum, classifying some 18,600 plants in 'mutual fertility' species | |
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| 1687 |
| | | Newton publishes Principia Mathematica, proving gravity to be a constant in all physical systems | |
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| 1687 |
| | | The Hungarian diet grants the Habsburg dynasty in Austria a hereditary right to the crown of St Stephen | |
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| 1688 |
| | | A son (the future 'Old Pretender') is born to James II, giving Britain a Catholic heir to the throne | |
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| 1688 |
| | | Aphra Behn's novel Oroonoko makes an early protest against the inhumanity of the African slave trade | |
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| 1688 |
| | | Sébastien de Vauban's socket bayonet is introduced in the French army | |
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| 1688 |
| | | English grandees invite William III of Orange and his wife Mary, daughter of James II, to claim the British throne | |
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| 1688 |
| | | William III of Orange lands with an army at Torbay and marches to London with almost no opposition from supporters of James II | |
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| 1689 |
| | | Parliament in Westminster makes the restrictive Bill of Rights the condition on which William III and Mary II are crowned | |
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| 1689 |
| | | James II, landing in Ireland, is acclaimed as king in Dublin by enthusiastic Irish Catholics | |
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| 1689 |
| | | A Grand Alliance against France is formed by almost all the other powers in Europe | |
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| 1689 |
| | | The 17-year-old Peter the Great becomes co-tsar of Russia with his half-brother Ivan V | |
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