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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1661 |
| | | The body of Oliver Cromwell is hanged, drawn and quartered at Tyburn | |
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| 1661 |
| | | The Cavalier Parliament begins to pass a series of acts, known as the Clarendon Code, containing punitive measures against Presbyterians | |
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| 1661 |
| | | Italian doctor Marcello Malpighi discovers the capillaries, thus completing the evidence for the circulation of the blood | |
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| 1661 |
| | | The British establish Fort James on an island in the Gambia river | |
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| 1661 |
| | | A banker in Sweden, Johan Palmstruch, issues Europe's first paper currency, on behalf of the Stockholm Banco | |
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| 1661 |
| | | Louis XIV establishes a royal dancing academy and soon follows it with a music academy | |
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| 1662 |
| | | British chemist Robert Boyle defines the inverse relationship between pressure and volume in any gas (subsequently known as Boyle's Law) | |
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| 1662 |
| | | Jean-Baptiste Colbert buys the Gobelin family workshops in Paris and transforms them into a royal factory for Louis XIV | |
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| 1662 |
| | | The Act of Uniformity demands that Anglican clergy accept all the Thirty-Nine Articles, costing many their livings | |
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| 1662 |
| | | An academy of English scientists is given a royal charter by Charles II and becomes the Royal Society | |
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| 1664 |
| | | Colbert founds East India and West India companies to ensure a supply of raw materials for France's factories | |
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| 1664 |
| | | Louis XIV commissions a well-established team of designers to provide him with a spectacular palace and garden at Versailles | |
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| 1664 |
| | | The Conventicle Act restricts worship in England to Anglican churches if more than a few people are present | |
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| 1664 |
| | | Peter Stuyvesant accepts the reality of the military situation and yields New Amsterdam to the British without a shot being fired | |
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| 1665 |
| | | The first recorded attempt at blood transfusion, at the Royal Society in London, proves that the idea is feasible | |
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| 1665 |
| | | The Five Mile Act prevents Nonconformist ministers in England from coming closer than five miles to any town where they have ministered | |
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| 1665 |
| | | The Great Plague of London causes as many as 7000 deaths in a week and perhaps a total of 100,000 by the end of the year | |
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| 1665 |
| | | A new Danish constitution (the Kongeloven or King's Law) makes the monarchy hereditary and grants the king absolute power | |
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| 1665 |
| | | Isaac Newton spends a creative period in Lincolnshire, at home in Woolsthorpe Manor, apples or no apples | |
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| 1666 |
| | | New Amsterdam is renamed New York by the recently established English regime | |
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| 1666 |
| | | The Great Fire of London rages for four days, destroying 13,200 houses and 81 churches | |
|  | Loutherbourg Great Fire of London (detail) c.1799
Guildhall Library
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| 1667 |
| | | Michiel de Ruyter sails up the Thames to destroy much of the English fleet at its base in the Medway | |
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| 1667 |
| | | The first successful human blood transfusion is achieved in Paris by Jean Baptiste Denis, apparently saving the life of a 15-year-old boy | |
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| 1667 |
| | | Bernini's great curving colonnade is completed, to form the piazza in front of St Peter's | |
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| 1667 |
| | | French dramatist Jean Racine's first great success, Andromaque, finds tragic drama in a quadrangle of love | |
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| 1667 |
| | | Paradise Lost is published, earning its author John Milton just £10 | |
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| 1667 |
| | | Wood-carver Grinling Gibbons arrives from Holland to begin an immensely successful career in England | |
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| 1667 |
| | | In the treaty of Breda, England keeps New Amsterdam and New Netherland, and Holland keeps the English-held territory of Surinam | |
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| 1668 |
| | | The Jesuits establish a mission at Sault Sainte Marie which becomes the starting point for French exploration south of the Great Lakes | |
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| 1668 |
| | | England's East India Company is granted a lease on Bombay by Charles II, who has received it from his Portuguese bride | |
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| 1668 |
| | | Spain finally accepts the independence of the kingdom of Portugal, after nearly a century of Spanish rule | |
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