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| | | | World History timeline |
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| 1649 |
| | | Parliament in London abolishes the monarchy in England, as 'unnecessary, burdensome, and dangerous' | |
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| 1649 |
| | | Parliament chooses Oliver Cromwell to chair the new English Commonwealth's council of state | |
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| 1649 |
| | | Rembrandt creates an etching so desirable that it becomes known as the Hundred Guilder Print | |
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| 1649 |
| | | John Milton becomes Latin secretary in Cromwell's council of state | |
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| 1649 |
| | | The Russian empire, expanding eastwards through Siberia, reaches the Pacific coast | |
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| 1649 |
| | | Cromwell captures the royalist stronghold of Drogheda and massacres some 2800 people | |
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| c. 1650 |
| | | The pleasure districts of Edo and Kyoto provide the delights of ukiyo-e, the 'floating world' | |
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| 1650 |
| | | Descartes catches a fatal chill, returning home in midwinter from pre-dawn instruction of Queen Christina of Sweden | |
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| c. 1650 |
| | | Hindu princes and brahmin priests withdraw from Java to Bali, turning the island into the last outpost of Hinduism in southeast Asia | |
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| c. 1650 |
| | | Japan's popular theatre, kabuki, develops as a form of café entertainment | |
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| 1650 |
| | | James Ussher, archbishop of Armagh, calculates that creation began on Sunday, October 23, 4004 BC | |
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| 1650 |
| | | To protect their market, the Dutch destroy all clove trees in the Moluccas except on two islands, Amboina and Ternate | |
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| c. 1650 |
| | | A German burgomaster, Otto von Guericke, devises an air pump capable of creating a vacuum | |
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| 1650 |
| | | The Dalai Lama declares that his teacher is also an incarnation of a future Buddha, and that he is to be known as Panchen | |
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| 1650 |
| | | The poems of Massachusetts author Anne Bradstreet are published in London under the title The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America | |
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| 1651 |
| | | Charles II returns to Scotland and is crowned king of Scots in the traditional manner at Scone | |
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| 1651 |
| | | Parliament in England passes the first of several Navigation Acts designed to reserve international trade for English ships | |
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| 1651 |
| | | Charles II is defeated by Cromwell at Worcester and escapes in disguise to France | |
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| 1652 |
| | | Nikon becomes patriarch of all Russia and introduces reforms which cause the Old Believers to form a breakaway sect | |
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| 1652 |
| | | Scotland and England are merged under English parliamentary rule, in a forced union which lasts eight years | |
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| 1652 |
| | | Jan van Riebeeck establishes a Dutch settlement at the Cape of Good Hope | |
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| 1652 |
| | | A clash at sea between English and Dutch fleets begins the first of three Anglo-Dutch wars | |
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| 1652 |
| | | The first coffee house opens In London and Londoners soon find such places useful to meet in and do business | |
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| 1652 |
| | | Turenne defeats Condé in a battle in the Paris suburbs, hastening the decline of the Fronde | |
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| 1653 |
| | | Cromwell uses troops to turn the members out of the House of Commons and locks the door behind them | |
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| 1653 |
| | | The 14-year-old Louis XIV dances in a court ballet as Apollo, wearing a glorious sun costume, and finds that he likes the role | |
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| 1653 |
| | | Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth for life, under legislation entitled the Instrument of Government | |
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| 1653 |
| | | Jan Vermeer marries and begins a quiet career as a painter and art dealer in his home town of Delft | |
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| 1653 |
| | | The English admiral Robert Blake introduces a system of signalling at sea by means of flags | |
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| 1653 |
| | | John Bunyan joins a Nonconformist church in Bedford and becomes one of their preachers | |
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| 1653 |
| | | Devoted fisherman Izaak Walton publishes the classic work on the subject, The Compleat Angler | |
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| 1654 |
| | | Queen Christina, a secret convert to Catholicism, abdicates in Sweden and travels to Rome | |
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